Carbohydrate Conversion
Starch
glucose
Sucrose + water
glucose + fructose
(glucose)
(ATP)
1 mole glucose
36 ATP
3 Stages of Respiration
Glycolysis
TCA Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis
Occurs in all living organisms
Only stage which can occur without oxygen
Oldest stage of respiration
operated for billions of years in anaerobic organisms
Glycolysis
Glucose (6C)
2 Pyruvate (3C)
CO2
-O2
-O2
+O2
Ethanol
Lactate
TCA Cycle
TCA
cycle
H+
ATP
e-
H+
4e- + 4H+ + O2
2H2O
cyt. oxidase
Chemiosmotic model
H
H+
H+
H
H+
+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
Chemiosmotic model
H
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+ + H+
H
H+
H+
H+
H+
+
H
H+
H+
3 Stages of Respiration
Glycolysis
cytoplasm
with or without oxygen present
breaks glucose (6C) into 2 pyruvates (3C)
TCA Cycle
mitochondrial matrix
only if oxygen present
converts pyruvate via acetyl CoA into CO 2; generates NADH and FADH2
Spherical to oval
Mitochondria
Double-membrane bound
outer smooth
inner folds forming cristae
controls movement in/out
site of electron transportm
Matrix
soluble phase
site of TCA cycle; DNA, RNA, ribosomes
cristae
matrix
amino acids
pentoses for cell wall structure
nucleotides
porphyrin biosynthesis
fatty acid synthesis
lignin precursors
precursors for carotenoid synthesis, hormones
[Substrate]
[ATP]
[Oxygen]
Temperature
Plant type
Plant organ
Plant age
Factors: [Oxygen]
No effect until [O2] < 1%
Cyt oxidase not sensitive to O2 until 0.05%
Factors: Temperature
Q10 for respiration is 2.0 - 2.5 between 5 and 25C
Q10 = rate of process at one temperature divided
by the rate at 10C lower temp.
Decreases with most plant tissues at 30-35C
O2 being used so fast, it cant diffuse fast enough into
tissues
Non-climacteric Fruit
Citrus, cherries, grapes, pineapple, strawberries
Insensitive to ethylene
No ethylene
high CO2 also inhibits ethylene synthesis