Chap 5.

IS-41 Network Signaling

Network Computing LAB.

( jphong@kw.ac.kr )

Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

Signaling System No. 7

Signaling System NO. 7

PSTN signaling protocol

interconnection between a PCN and the PSTN
There are six types of SS7 signaling links.
Two Types, A-Link (access link) and D-Link (diagonal link)
D-Link

SCP

A-Link

STP
STP

STP
STP

A-Link

HLR
(SCP)

A-Link

SSP

A-Link
Trunk

PSTN

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MSC
PCN (PCS Network)

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

Signaling System No. 7

SS7 protocol Layers
OSI Layers

The SS7 Layers

OMAP

MAP

Application

TCAP

ISDN-UP

Presentation
Session
Transport

SCCP
Network

MTP Level 3
Data Link

MTP Level 2

Physical

MTP Level 1

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

Signaling System No. 7

MTP (Message Transfer Part) Transfer Signaling information

MTP

Level 2 provides reliable transfer of signaling message

MTP Level 3 provides message routing and network management

SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part)

Provides

additional functions such as GTT to the MTP

TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part)

Provides

the capability to exchange information between using

noncircuit-related signaling

ISUP-UP (Integrated Services Digital Network User Part)

Establishes

OMAP (Operations, Maintenance, and Administration part)

Application

circuit-switched network connections

of TCAP

MAP (Mobile Application Part)

Application

of TCAP
Both IS-41 & GSM MAP are implemented at this layer
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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

Interconnection and Message Routing

STP
STP

Type S (A-Links)

STP
STP

STP
STP
Type S (D-Links)

Tandem

Type 2A with
SS7 interface

PSTN

STP
STP

MSC

Tandem

PSTN

PCN

Type S (A-Links)

Type 2A with
SS7 interface

MSC

PCN

STP
STP

STP
STP
Type S (D-Links)

End
Office

Type 2B with
SS7 interface

PSTN

MSC

PCN

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End
Office

Type 2B with
SS7 interface

PSTN

MSC

PCN

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

Interconnection and Message Routing

Interconnection and Message Routing

SS7 message routing is preformed at the MTP and the SCCP of

a node (SSP,STP or SCP)

Signaling messages are delivered with the actual destination

address at the MTP

MTP level receives messages from TCAP, SCCP, ISUP

DPC (destination point code) of the message uniquely identifies

the destination node

Routing to the destination node is determined by the MTP using

lookup tables

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

Mobility Management Using TCAP

TCAP operation

More than 50 TCAP operation are defined

For three purposes
Inter-MSC

handoff, automatic roaming,

administration, and maintenance

operations,

TCAP message consists of two portions

Transaction portion define package type

QueryWithPermission,

Response
ConversationWithPermission, Unidirectional

Component portion define number and types of components

INVOKE,

RETURN RESULT
RETURN ERROR, REJECT

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

Mobility Management Using TCAP

PCN1

PSTN
STP2
STP2

STP1
STP1

MSC1

VLR1

PCN2
STP3
STP3

HLR

STP4
STP4

MSC2

VLR2

RegistrationNotification (INVOKE)
RegistrationNotification (INVOKE)
T2
T3

RegistrationNotification (RETURN RESULT)

RegistrationCancellation (INVOKE)

T1

RegistrationNotification (RETURN RESULT)

RegistrationCancellation (RETURN RESULT)

RegistrationCancellation (INVOKE)
T4

RegistrationCancellation (RETURN RESULT)

T5

QualificationRequest (INVOKE)
QualificationRequest (RETURN RESULT)
ServiceProfileRequest (INVOKE)

T6

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ServiceProfileRequest (RETURN RESULT)

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

Mobility Management Using TCAP

IS-41 TCAP message flow for MS registration

Transaction 1

Transaction 2

The cancellation propagates to MSC1

Transaction 5

HLR sends a RegistrationCancellation(INVOKE) to the MSs previously visited

VLR (VLR1)

Transaction 4

If MSC1 is net served by VLR2, then VLR2 sends a

RegistrationNotification(INVOKE) to the MSs HLR

Transaction 3

When MS is in MSC2s service area, MSC2 sends a

RegistrationNotification(INVOKE) to its VLR(VLR2)

After T2 is completed, VLR2 creates a registration record for MS

Sends a QualificationRequest(INVOKE) to HLR to check MSs qualification for
receiving services

Transaction 6

VLR2 sends a ServiceProfileRequest(INVOKE) to HLR to obtain the service

profile for the roaming MS

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

PCN/PSTN Call Control Using ISUP

PCN

STP
STP
2

1
End
Office

Step 1

IAM

Step 2

COT

STP
STP

ACM
ANM

3
Tandem

5
7

MSC

IAM
COT
ACM

Step 3

ANM

Step 4
Signaling path from
PSTN to PCN

Conversation using trunks (6) and (7)

Step 5

REL
RLC

REL
RLC

Step 6

Signaling path from

PCN to PSTN

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

PCN/PSTN Call Control Using ISUP

Typical message flow for type 2A with SS7 land-to-mobile
call setup and release involving a tandem switch

When MIN is dialed, end office (EO) notices that the number is
for wireless service

Suppose that EO has HLR query capability

EO sends a query message to obtain MSs TLDN (temporary

local directory number)

Messages exchanged among switches, VLR and HLR are TCAP

messages

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

PCN/PSTN Call Control Using ISUP

Step 1
After

the MSs TLDN is obtained, EO sends an Initial Address Message

(IAM) to the PCN MSC to initiate signaling for trunk setup
When IAM is sent, IAM timer is set at the EO
EO expects to receive a response from MSC within timeout period

Step 2
If

IAM sent from the EO to tandem specifies a continuity check, selected

trunk from tandem to EO
After continuity check is successfully completed, Continuity Message
(COT) is sent from EO to tandem, and trunk is set up
Same procedure could be performed when MSC receives IAM from
tandem

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

PCN/PSTN Call Control Using ISUP

Step 3
When

IAM arrives at MSC, MSC pages the MS

One of following three events occurs

MS is connected with another call

This situation is referred to as call collision
Call is processed with call forwarding or call waiting, or MSC returns REL
message to EO with a cause indicating the busy line situation

MS is idle
MSC send Address Complete Message (ACM) to EO
Message informs EO of MS information, charge indications, and end-toend protocol requirements
When the EO receives the ACM, the IAM timer is stopped

Ms does not answer the page

MSC returns REL message to EO

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Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures

PCN/PSTN Call Control Using ISUP

Step 4
When

MS answers call, an Answer Message (ANM) is sent from

MSC to EO
Call is established through trunk path (6)(7)

Step 5
EO

sends a Release Message (REL) to indicate that specified trunk

is being released from the connection
Trunk is not set to idle is EO until a Release Complete Message
(RLC) message is received

Step 6
When

MSC receives REL from EO, relies with a RLC

After RLC is sent, EO and tandem waits for 0.5 to 1 sec. before it
seizes the released trunk for the next call

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