Atelectasis
Pathophysiology
Risk factors
Manifestations
Management:
Incentive spirometry
Nebulizers
Chest physiotherapy (CPT)
Pneumonia
Pathophysiology
Types:
Community-acquired pneumonia
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Health-care associated pneumonia
Risk factors
Manifestations and assessment
Question
A nurse is reviewing the epidemiology of pneumonia. The
nurse should be aware of a seasonal pattern of incidence
and prevalence in what type of pneumonia?
A.Community-acquired pneumonia
B.Hospital-acquired pneumonia
C.Ventilator-associated pneumonia
D.Health careassociated pneumonia
Answer
A. Community-acquired pneumonia
Rationale: Most cases of CAP occur in the winter and
early spring. The etiology of the other three major types
of pneumonia does not include seasonal patterns of
incidence and prevalence.
Oxygen Masks
Question
Is the following statement true or false?
A non-rebreathing mask should fully collapse on full
inspiration
Answer
False
Rationale: It is important to adjust the oxygen flow of a
non-rebreathing mask so that the reservoir bag does not
completely collapse on inspiration
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Pathophysiology
Risk factors
Manifestations and assessment
Tuberculin skin test
QFT-G test
Medication regimen
Question
A nurse is administering tuberculin skin tests to a group
of employees. What technique will the nurse utilize?
Intradermal injection into the workers forearms
Intramuscular injection into the vastus lateralis
Subcutaneous injection into the abdominal region
Insertion at a 90-degree angle into the deltoid
Answer
A. Intradermal injection into the workers forearms
Rationale: During the tuberculin skin test, tubercle
bacillus extract is injected into the intradermal layer of
the inner aspect of the forearm
Pulmonary Edema
Pathophysiology
Risk factors
Manifestations and complications
Medical management
Nursing management
Pleural Conditions
Pleurisy
Pleural effusion and empyema
Pleural Effusion
Question
A patient has been admitted to the emergency
department with signs and symptoms that are suggestive
of ARDS. What action should the ED nurse prioritize?
A.Preparing to participate in intubation
B.Administering oxygen by nasal cannula
C.Administering bronchodilators by metered dose inhaler
D.Auscultating the patients chest
Answer
A. Preparing to participate in intubation
Rationale: In order to facilitate the priorities of airway
and breathing, prompt intubation is imperative in the
treatment of a patient with ARDS. This is a priority over
other assessments and interventions.
Pulmonary Embolism
Pathophysiology
Risk factors
Manifestations
Assessments:
Chest X-ray, ECG, peripheral vascular studies, ABGs,
d-dimer, and ventilationperfusion scan, CT
Preventative measures
Lung Cancer
The leading cancer killer among men and women in the United
States
In 2005, 196,687 people in the United States were diagnosed
with lung cancer, and 159,217 people died of it
Types:
Small cell lung cancer
Nonsmall cell lung cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Chest Trauma
Blunt trauma vs. penetrating trauma
Clinical manifestations and assessment
Management includes chest tube placement for
pneumothorax
Question
A patient returns to the unit after thoracic surgery with a
water-sealed chest drainage system. What should the
nurse instruct the patient and the family about the main
purpose of this system?
A.Remove excess carbon dioxide from the blood
B.Monitor the quantity of pleural fluid
C.To enhance the patients expiratory drive
D.Re-expand the lung and remove excess air and fluid
Answer
D. Re-expand the lung and remove excess air and fluid
Rationale: The main purpose of chest tubes and closed
drainage systems are to re-expand the lung involved and
to remove excess air, fluid, and blood. They are not used
to remove carbon dioxide, to enhance the respiratory
drive, or to monitor the quantity of pleural fluid.
Aspiration
Pathophysiology
Risk factors
Preventative measures