Summary (1)
To assure ourselves, and the interested
authorities, that the overall protective
system functions correctly.
Study of wiring diagrams and protection
requirements.
Careful delegation of responsibilities to
reduce the duplication of effort and to
ensure that all the following aspects are
covered :-
b.
Directional properties
c.
Mechanical inspection
Out-going contact wiring
External resistors
C.T. shorting and isolating switches
Contact follow-through and pressures
Electrical checks on each basic electrical
function to prove satisfactory operation
Test results (record and maintenance purposes)
Stability tests
Test results
Maintenance of
Protective Relays (1)
Frequency of Maintenance
Dictated by :a) The site condition
b) The availability of maintenance staff and
resources
c) The availability of plant outage times
d) The risks involved if the protection
should fail
e) The type of relay construction
Maintenance of
Protective Relays (2)
Maintenance of
Protective Relays (3)
Onerous site conditions :1. Dusty or dirty environments
2. Corrosive chemical atmospheres
3. Frequent or continuous vibration
4. High humidity
5. High or cycling temperatures
6. Consistently high levels of energising or auxiliary
quantities
Typically maintain every 12-18 months under ideal
conditions and decrease frequency
Maintenance of
Protective Relays (4)
Visual inspections
Calibration tests
Trip testing
Maintenance of
Protective Relays (5)
Corrective Maintenance of
Protective Relays (1)
Cleaning solvents
Trichlortrifluorethane (Ozone damaging)
(Arklone, Freon, Flourisol and Supersolve)
PROZONE
Contact lubricants and other lubricants
Contact cleaning burnishers
Contact pressures and settings
Dust removal
Relay recalibration (Why?)
10
11
12
13
To CT
CT test
To
test
windings
windings
(if any)
(if any)
14
B
To main
main
To
current
current
transformers
transformers
C N
A
To
To main
mainVTVT
A
CurrentB
test
socketsC
B Voltage
test
C sockets
N
To main current
transformers
15
To main VT
Current Transformer
Polarity Check
P2
P1
S2
S1
Battery
16
Push
button
switch
Current Transformer
Ratio Check
A
C
A2
Temporary
short
circuit
51
P1
51
S1
P2 S 2
51
64
A1
Primary injection
test set
250V AC supply
17
Test plug
insulation
A
P1
To relay
coils
V
S1
Variable
transformer
250V 8A
250V
AC
supply
S2
P2
Main circuit
breaker open
18
Step-up transform
if required
Voltage Transformer
Phasing Check
A
B
C
A
V1
V2
C
VN
VL
V1
V2
A
19
Phase rotation
meter
Sensitivity Check on
Biased Differential Relay
B
B
OP
Test plug
fingers
Over current
test set
To main current
transformers
250V
A.C. supply
20
B
OP
I1+I2
A1
Overcurrent
test set
To main current
transformers
250V A.C.
supply
21
I2
I1
A2
R
Test plug
fingers
B
OP
I1+I2
R1
Test plug
fingers
A2
A1
To main current
transformers
250V A.C.
supply
22
I2
I1
R2
A1 and A2 Ammeters
OP Relay operating coil
B Relay bias coil
250V
A.C.
supply
To main
current
transformers
C
N
Overcurrent
test set
Test plug
in test block
23
Filter
network
46
Relay
coil
A
B
C
N
Choke
Variable
transformer
for current
control
67
Relay
current coil
Range adjusting CT
440/110V
phase shifting
transformer
PA
PA
67
Relay
voltage coil
Variable transformer
for voltage control
Primary Check on
Main Current Transformers
Temporary three
phase short circu
Primary
injection
test set
250V
A.C. supply
51 Overcurrent relay
64 Earth fault relay
A
Ammeter
25
5
1
5
1
5
1
6
4
Primary
injection
test set
5
1
B
51
C
51
64
26
87 Generator differential re
V
Voltmeter
A Ammeter
250V A.C.
supply
Generato
r
Isolating
links
A
B
C
27
87
87
87
A
B
C
87
87
87
87 Generator differential r
V
Voltmeter
28
Generato
r
Temporary
short
circuit
A
B
C
87
87
87
Shorts across
relay/
stabilising
resistors
29
87 Generator differential r
A Ammeter
A
Primar
y
injectio
250V n
A.C. test
set
suppl
y
Temporary
short
circuit
B
C
Bias
coils
Operatin
g
coils
30
87
87
87
Temporary
short
circuit
A
B
Primary
injection
test set
250V
A.C.
suppl
y
C
Bias
coils
Operatin
g
coils
31
87
87
87
Generato
r
~
Bias
coils
87 87 87
Operating
coils
Primary
injection
test set
A
B
C
64
250V A.C.
supply
Temporary short
circuit
Primary
injection
test set
A
B
C
A
34
64
B C
Temporary
short circuit
Filter
network
46
Primary
injection
test set
35
>
250V
A.C.
supply
Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays