POWER SYSTEM CONTROL

Objective
The objectives of Power System Control remains

as previously broadly defined.

General
General Power System control activities include:
Network Planning and Development
Manual Network Switching
Automatic Network Switching
The System Operator may not always be able to pre inform
users about system control activities, especially in those
instances when protection relay and other emergency
developments result in network switching.

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL

Power System Control Actions
The System Operator shall be responsible for
operation of the Power System securely and reliably
at all times, ensuring prompt and appropriate
remedial action during all abnormalities. This he does
via:
Consultation with users.
Network Switching for:

planned and emergency Transmission equipment outages

Voltage Control and
Limitation of Power flows on the transmission system to levels
consistent with equipment capabilities.

The System Operator shall identify control actions

required.
The System Operator shall establish all automatic
switching sequences required.

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL

Notification to all Users
The System Operator shall notify all Transmission
Network users of planned control actions, in accordance
with the grid connection agreement, where time
permits.
Control under fault or emergency conditions
The System Operator shall ordinarily inform users of

control actions after occurrence.

Generating companies shall also promptly inform the
System Operator of the tripping of a generating unit
with reasons adduced.
The System Operator shall inform users on likely
duration of these conditions and when they have
ceased.

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL

De-energisation of plant
The System Operator shall de-energise a generating unit if
he identifies the appropriate causes, especially as listed in
the connection agreement.
Operating procedures including Fault Reporting
The System operator shall develop and maintain operating

procedures for the safe operation of the Transmission

network and for assets connected to the network that shall
be complied with by all users.
Each user shall be responsible for his own safety rules and
procedures and ensure that they are compatible with the
System operator procedures.
Users shall enter into operating agreements with the System
Operator as defined in the grid connection agreement.

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL

Operating procedures including Fault Reporting
Fault reporting and analysis/incident investigation shll be
carried out as follows:
Generator operators shall report all change of status of generating

plant within 15 minutes.

In event of multiple trip the user shall:
Submit

a written report to the System Operator within 1month.

In addition he shall provide a full report as per the grid code. This shall be
treated as a major incident.
Distribution operators and grid connected end use customers shall

report loss of all loads >10MW to the System operator within 10

minutes and notify him of reconnection not later than 15 minutes
after,
Network Sabotage incidents shall be reported to the System Operator
The System operator shall investigate any incidences that affect
supply quality to another user as detailed in the grid code

FREQUENCY CONTROL AND OPERATING

RESERVE
Objective
General
Frequency limits
Frequency Control
Components of Operating Reserve
Operating Reserve policy
Amount of Operating Reserve
Operating Reserve Procurement

FREQUENCY CONTROL AND OPERATING

RESERVE
Objective
To specify the System Operator requirements for

ensuring provision of Frequency control capability.

To specify mandatory Operating reserve and
Reliability must run requirements of the System
operator.
General
Use of primary or secondary frequency control for

ensuring frequency is kept within applicable

limits.
Use of operating reserve on generators operated
on frequency sensitive mode through ancillary
services agreements.

FREQUENCY CONTROL AND OPERATING

RESERVE
Frequency limits
Grid Frequency shall be 50Hz
Operating band +0.5% of 50Hz 90% of the time.
Under System stress +2.5% (48.75 51.25)
Frequency Control
Normal Conditions Use of Spinning Reserves.
Managing Shortfalls.
Components of Operating Reserve
Two types of Operating Reserves
Quick Reserve (Spinning Reserve [Primary &

Secondary] & Emergency Reserve)

Slow Reserve (Hot standby & Cold standby)

FREQUENCY CONTROL AND OPERATING

RESERVE
Operating Reserve policy
Reserve type mix options in practical operations
as policy to be approved by NERC
Relevant factors to be considered in developing
reserve policy.
Premises under which Operating Reserve policy
shall be developed. (Primary Reserve, Spinning
reserve, Minimum Operating reserve, Operating
reserve mix & System spread of operating
reserve)
Annual review of Operating reserve policy
Records keeping by System operator of
significant alterations to Operating reserve policy.

FREQUENCY CONTROL AND OPERATING

RESERVE
Amount of Operating Reserve
System operator roles in determination of magnitude

and content of total Operating reserve.

Generator responsibilities on plant availability
information to System operator.
Transmission resources and weather information
records keeping by System Operator for future load
prediction.
Managing errors in load forecasting in the use of
operating reserve
Operating Reserve Procurement
Use of Ancillary services for ensuring Operating
reserve procurement during pre transition, Transition,
Medium term and final stages of the electricity
market.

VOLTAGE CONTROL
Objective
Achieving healthy Transmission system voltage

profile.
General
System operator roles in the dispatch of reactive

power all over the grid towards ensuring appropriate

voltages all over the grid.
Voltage Control
Scope of System Operators responsibilities in
dispatch instructions and control facilities adjustment
towards maintaining proper voltages at all points of
the grid including interconnection points.
Remedies and penalties management regarding user
non compliance.

VOLTAGE CONTROL
Voltage Control policy
Transmission System losses Management
Use of Operating Procedures in Voltage control
Voltage Control methods
Approved voltage control methods
Continuous Monitoring of System voltages by System
Operator
Voltage Control during emergencies
Approved additional voltage mechanisms t be utilized in

System emergency conditions.

Provision of voltage control

Use of Ancillary services for procurement for voltage control
during pre transition, Transition, Medium term and final
stages of the electricity market.

BLACK START
Objective
To stipulate the black start requirements the System

Operator has to cater for

General
Identifying generators that can start themselves

and other generators on the grid after a total shut

down. Rules and contracts needs for ensuring this is
put in place
Ancillary Service
Procurement of Black start as an ancillary service.
Requirements
Requirements for black start stations that must be

set out by the System Operator

EMERGENCY OPERATION AND

RESTORATION

Objective
Outline general restoration strategy to be adopted by the
System operator following a partial or total shutdown of the
grid System
General
Clarification of the various operating states of the grid
system (Normal, Alert, Emergency extreme & Emergency
restorative states)
Emergency operation
Responsibilities of the System Operator whenever the
system shifts out of the normal operating state.
System operator responsibilities including putting in place
of procedures to ensure minimum emergency requirements
of all users of the grid.

EMERGENCY OPERATION AND

RESTORATION
Restoration of supply
Development and maintenance of well documented

power system restoration plan by the System Operator

Training needs and requirements of system operators
personnel.
In extreme operating state mock test with all
stakeholders once a year.
Back-up Control Centre
Plan for permanent fully staffed control center that can
take over seamlessly in event NCC becomes
inoperable.
Staff of the back up control centre shall be well trained.

EMERGENCY OPERATION AND

RESTORATION
Emergency co-ordination facility
The System operator shall provide a permanent emergency
coordination facility as part of the restoration plan.
This facility shall contain minimum communications
capability needed for operating the system in event of
simultaneous failure of both the NCC and the backup
control centre.
Basic capability listing of the emergency coordination
facility
Under Frequency Load shedding
Policy & Analysis
Under frequency load shedding
scheme
Coordination
Testing
Manual Load shedding Re-Synchronization.

OPERATIONAL PLANNING

Objective

To specify plans to be applied by the System operator to

ensure proper system operations in the short and medium

term.
General
Activities to be performed include Data base creation,

compilation of minimum and peak load models for present

year and 5 years ahead, load flow and fault level case studies.
Other contingency plans including under frequency case

studies.
Proper documenting of these plans and placement in the

national control room.

Transmission reinforcement and expansion studies to

accommodate new operating conditions and users

PLANNING
OPERATIONAL
Functions of the Operational Planning staff
Development of operational plans, Maintenance of plans,
Implementation of plans, Information and Training,
Annually review under frequency load shedding scheme.
The staff shall be experienced in operation and planning
of power systems with appropriate skills in Technical
operational studies.
Data required for Medium Term and operational
Planning

All users to provide by week 32 of each year the

following data

Maximum Demand profiles per connection point

Active and Reactive power profiles
Day ahead demand forecasts

,System operator to develop a demand forecast

methodology that follows specific times as stipulated in

grid code and market rules

OPERATIONAL PLANNING
Actual Demand Control data
Data to be supplied by distribution network

operators and grid connected end users daily.

Connections
New connection notification information details to

System operator by users.

Changes to Information Already Supplied
All users must update the system operator in
writing on every change to information previously
supplied.
Monthly and weekly confirmation criteria.
Timing and publication
Day ahead forecast demand for the entire system

shall be published daily at 11.00hrs.

INFORMATION EXCHANGE
Objective
General
Requirement to notify
Notification of an operation
Form of notification of an operation
Recording of an operation
Timing in respect of an operation
Notification of events
Form of notification of an event