Agenda

. GSM900/DCS1800
. The GSM Network & Air Interface
. Technical Basics
. Speech Coding
. Types of Channel
. Making a Phone Call
NOKIA

nokia.ppt/1 / 03/26/15

( Groupe Special Mobile )

Global System for Mobile

GSM
NOKIA

nokia.ppt/2 / 03/26/15

GSM Development History

1982 Groupe Special Mobile?is created within CEPT
1986 A Permanent Nucleus is set up
1987 Main radio transmission techniques are chosen,
based on prototype evalution (1986)
1989 GSM becomes an ETSI technical committe
1990 The phase 1 GSM 900 specifications are finalized
1991 First systems are running
1992 All major European GSM 900 operators begin
commercial operator
NOKIA

nokia.ppt/3 / 03/26/15

GSM / DCS1800 Functionalities

Speech Services
Data Services
Short Message Services (SMS)
Supplementary Services
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Security Function

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/4 / 03/26/15

RF Aspects

NOKIA

TDMA
0.3GMSK Modulation
Burst Power Transmission
Neighbour Cells Measurement
Hopping
Uplink / Downlink DTx
BER & Receiver Testing

nokia.ppt/5 / 03/26/15

GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900
Uplink
Downlink
ARFCN range
TX/RX Spacing
(Freq.)
TX/RX Spacing
(Time)
Modulation Data
Rate
Frame Period
Timeslot Period
Bit Period
Modulation
Channel Spacing
TDMA Mux
MS Max Power
MS Min Power
MS Power
Control Steps
Voice Coder Bit
Rate

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/6 / 03/26/15

GSM900
890 to
915MHz
935 to
960MHz
1 to 124
45MHz

GSM900
880 to
915MHz
925 to
960MHz
0 to 124 and
975 to 1023
45MHz

DCS1800
1710 to
1785MHz
1805 to
1880MHz
512 to 885

DCS1800
1710 to
1785MHz
1805 to
1880MHz
512 to 885

PCS1900
1850 to
1910MHz
1930 to
1990MHz
512 to 810

95MHz

95MHz

80MHz

8W

8W

1W

1W

5dBm

4dBm
0 to 15

0dBm
0 to 15

0dBm
30,31,0 to 15

13kbit/s
6.5kbit/s

13kbit/s

13kbit/s
6.5kbit/s

13kbit/s

3 Timeslots
270.833kbit/s
4.615ms
576.9us
3.692us
0.3GMSK
200KHz
8
20W( 8W is
max in use)
13dBm
5 to 19
13kbit/s

GSM Frequency Range

890 - 915 MHz Uplink / MS Transmit
935 - 960 MHz Downlink / BS Transmit
Duplex Offset 45 MHz
Channel Spacing 200kHz
Channel numbering 1 - 124
Transmission Speed 270 Kbits

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/7 / 03/26/15

DCS1800 Frequency Range

1710 - 1785 MHz Uplink / MS Transmit
1805 - 1880 MHz Downlink / BS Transmit
Duplex Offset 95 MHz
Channel Spacing 200kHz
Channel numbering 512 - 885
Transmission Speed 270 Kbits

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/8 / 03/26/15

GSM Primary Band

45 MHz

890

900

910

920

930

940

950

960

Uplink ( Mobile to Base )

Downlink ( Base to Mobile )

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/9 / 03/26/15

Freq

DCS1800 Primary Band

95 MHz

1710 1735 1760 1785 1800 1825 1850 1875

Uplink ( Mobile to Base )

Downlink ( Base to Mobile )

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/10 / 03/26/15

Freq

Carriers at the border of the GSM band

Freq
890.2
890.4
200 kHz

890.6

GSM band

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/11 / 03/26/15

890.8

Carriers at the border of the DCS1800 band

Freq
1710.2

1710.4

1710.6

200 kHz

DCS1800 band

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/12 / 03/26/15

1710.8

GSM Networks
ADC
BTS
BTS
BTS

MS

NMC

OMC

OMC

BSC

BSS

MSC

VLR

AUC
BTS
MSC
BTS
BTS

NOKIA

EIR

nokia.ppt/13 / 03/26/15

BSC

BSS

VLR
Interface to other
network

HLR

GSM Networks
Terminology:
MS- Mobile Station ( )
BSS- Base Station System ( )
BTS- Base Transceiver Station ( )
BSC- Base Station Controller ( )
MSC- Mobile Switching Centre ( )
OMC- Operations and Maintenance Centre
( )
NMC- Network Management Centre ( )
AUC- Authentication Centre ( )
HLR- Home Location Register ( )
VLR- Visitors Location Register ( )
EIR- Equipment Identity Register (

)
NOKIA

nokia.ppt/14 / 03/26/15

GSM
Interface
Air Interface

MS

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/15 / 03/26/15

Abis Interface

BTS

BSC

BTS

BSC

BTS

BSC

SS#7

SS#7

MSC

PSTN

GMSK Modulation
PSK
1 1

0 0 1 0

Guassian Filter

Spectrum < 200kHz

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/16 / 03/26/15

1 1

1 0

Modulation
Data Type ?1

Fc + 67.708KHz

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/17 / 03/26/15

+67.708KHz

-67.708KHz

Fc

Data Type ?0

Fc + 67.708KHz

TDMA and FDMA

Physical Channel is
an ARFCN and Timeslot

7
6
5

Amplitude

4
3
2
1
0

4
1
NOKIA

nokia.ppt/18 / 03/26/15

Frequency
ARFCN

Timeslot

TDMA and FDMA

Terminology:
FDMA
TDMA
ARFCN
TS
Physical
Logical

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/19 / 03/26/15

- Frequency Division Multiple Access

- Time Division Multiple Access
- Absolute RF Channel Number
- Timeslot
- The Combination of a TS number
Channels and ARFCN.
- Are Mapped on Physical Channels
Channels

GSM TDMA Power Burst

+4dB

Tol +1.0dB

Tol -1.0dB

-6dB

-6dB

147 Useful Bits

542.8us

-30dB

-30dB

-70dB

-70dB
10u
s

NOKIA

8us 10u
s

nokia.ppt/20 / 03/26/15

148 Active Bits, 546.42us

3

57

26

57

10u
s

8us 10u
s

Power Time Template

Power

Upper Limit

dB

Actual

Lower Limit

-70

10 8 10

542.8 us / 147 Bits

Normal Burst

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/21 / 03/26/15

10 8 10

us Time

Power Time Template

Upper Limit

Power
dB

Actual

0
Lower Limit
87 bits
-70

10 8 10

321.23 us / 87 Bits 10 8 10
Access Burst

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/22 / 03/26/15

us

Time

Uplink & Downlink

Downlink / MS Receive
0

Uplink / MS Transmit

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/23 / 03/26/15

Uplink & Downlink

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ARFCN
DOWNLINK

45MHz

UPLINK
ARFCN
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 0 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5

. Uplink Lags Downlink by 3 Timeslot periods

. Uplink and Downlink use same Timeslot Number
. Uplink and Downlink use same Channel Number (ARFCN)
. Uplink and Downlink use different bands(45MHz apart for GSM900 )

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/24 / 03/26/15

Frequency Hopping
Monitoring
RX Lev
RX Qual

Home BS

BS 1

BS 2

Coupler

Downlink

M
O
D

Switch
Synth

65
Register

124
Uplink

Control
1
65
124

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/25 / 03/26/15

Speech Coder
20ms Blocks

Speech Coder
260 Bits

Bits Ordered
260 Bits

50
Very Important Bits
NOKIA

nokia.ppt/26 / 03/26/15

132
Important Bits

. RELP and LTP Coder

RELP- Residual-Excited Linear

Prediction Coder
LTP- Long Term Prediction

. Converts Speech to Low

Data Rate
. 20ms Speech makes 260Bits
. Output 13kbit/s
78
Other Bits

Error Correction
Type Ia 50

Type II 78

Type Ib 132

In

Block Code
Type Ia

50

CRC

Type Ib

Type II

132

262 Bits

78

Re-ordering
Type Ia

25

Type Ib

66

CRC

Type Ib

66

Type Ia

Tail

Type II

25 4

Out

78

456 Bits
Half rate convolutional code

378
456 Bits from 20ms of Speech
NOKIA

nokia.ppt/27 / 03/26/15

78

Diagonal Interleaving
456 Bits from 20ms of Speech

456 Bits from 20ms of Speech

57

57

57

57

TCH

57

57

57

57 57

57

57

57 57

57

57 57

57

57

57 57

57

57

57 57

57

57

57

57 57

Traffic Channel (TCH) Bursts Carry Two 57 Bits Blocks (114) Each
120ms of Speech = 456x6 = 2736 bits
2736/114 = 24 bursts I.e. 24frames(mobile transmits once per frame)
Multiframe has 26 frames in 120ms
There are 2 spare frames One SACCH, one Idle
NOKIA

nokia.ppt/28 / 03/26/15

57

Speech to Radio / Radio to Speech

NOKIA

Speech

Speech

Digitizing and
Source coding

Source
decoding

Channel
coding

Channel
decoding

Interleaving

De-interleaving

Burst
formatting

Burst
formatting

Ciphering

Deciphering

Modulation

Demodulation

nokia.ppt/29 / 03/26/15

MS Camp on Flow Chart

MS Turn On

MS searches channels
and orders by signal
strength

MS
Stongest
BCCH

MS goes to the assigned

SDCCH ( Freq., timeslot, ... )
for authentication + location
Update
NO

MS
Next Stongest
BCCH
YES

YES

NO
Using SACCH - adjust
power, TA & report RX Qual
etc

FCCH on BCCH and

adjusts timebase

MS camped on - listens for

page, can request service

SCH on BCCH and fine

tunes timebase & timing

BS assigns SDCCH to MS
using the CCCH

YES
Decode BCCH & store info
Location =
Previous Location?

Is BCCH
in PLMN ?

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/30 / 03/26/15

NO

YES

MS sends
RACH

Orignated Call
BS ORIGINATED CALL
BS pages MS using
the CCCH

MS sends RACH

MS ORIGINATED CALL
MS responds with
RACH

BS assigns
MS to SDCCH
or TCH

Using the SDCCH, authentication,

call setup, and TCH assignment
Using the SACCH, BS commands
MS to adust power + timing, MS
reports power + Rx quality of BCCH
+ adjacent BCCH

MS transmits + receives speech

on TCH
During inactive timeslots, MS
measures adjacent cells, BCCH
Using the SACCH on TCH, MS
reports power + Rx quality , BS
commands MS to adjust power ,TA

Call disconnected by MS or BS

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/31 / 03/26/15

TCH

MS transmits and
receives speech on
TCH

Using the FACCH on

TCH authentication &
location update

Subscriber Identity Module ( SIM )

SIM contains ( at least ) following information :
IMSI
(International Mobile Subscriber Identification)

MCC & MNC

(Mobile Country Code and mobile Network Code)

Any other user specific information

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/32 / 03/26/15

International Mobile Subscriber Identity ( IMSI )

NMSI

IMSI

MCC
3 digits

MNC

2 digits
Not more than 15 digits

IMSI
MCC
MNC
MSIN
NMSI

NOKIA

=
=
=
=
=

nokia.ppt/33 / 03/26/15

International Mobile Subscriber Identity

Mobile Country Code
Mobile Network Code
Mobile Station Identification Number
National Mobile Subscriber Identity

MSIN

International Mobile Equipment Identity ( IMEI )

IMEI

TAC
6 digits

IMEI
TAC
FAC
SNR
SP

NOKIA

=
=
=
=
=

nokia.ppt/34 / 03/26/15

FAC

+ SNR +

SP

2 digits

6 digits

1digit

International Mobile Equipment Identity

Type Approval Code
Final Assembly Code
Serial Number
Spare