DNS

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows
Server 2008 Network Infrastructure

Configuration
Chapter 5
Introduction to DNS in Windows
Server 2008
Objectives
Discuss the basics of the Domain Name System
(DNS) and its terminology
Configure DNS clients
Install a standard DNS server on Windows Server
2008
Create standard DNS zones
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
Domain Name System

Primary function is to translate human-readable host
names
Assists the flow of e-mail
Provides mail exchanger records that tell a Simple
Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server where to send
an e-mail message
Supported on the Internet by thousands of

distributed servers, or DNS servers
Domain Name System (continued)

Activity 5-1: Resetting Network Adapters and
Disabling DHCP
Time Required: 20 minutes
Objective: Reset the network adapters on lab
servers
DNS Terminology
DNS namespace
DNS domain
Fully qualified domain name
Hosts
Host name
DNS record
DNS zone
DNS Terminology (continued)

DNS namespace
Organized into the following domains: root domain
(.), top-level domain (TLD), second-level domain,
and subdomain
DNS domain
The portion of the namespace to the right of the host
name
Fully qualified domain names

The entire name for a specific host that needs to
have a DNS record created

Activity 5-2: Using Whois
Objective: Research domain names

Hosts
A computer on the Internet that provides a specific
resource
Host name
Name given to a computer, or host, to make
connecting to it easier
DNS zone
Collection of connected nodes served by an
authoritative DNS name server
DNS records
DNS uses records to provide the information it
stores in its database
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Activity 5-4: Resolving DNS Records with
NSLookup
Objective: Query a DNS server with nslookup
12
DNS Queries in Windows Server 2008

Iterative query
A DNS client requests the best answer that its DNS
server can provide
Recursive queries
Queries where the client requires an answer from its
DNS server
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Configuring DNS Clients

DNS clients
Often referred to as DNS resolvers
Windows Server 2008

Uses the DNS Client service to perform DNS queries
on behalf of the client
15
DNS Client Settings

DNS servers
For a client to resolve DNS queries, it needs to know
which server to contact
First DNS server in the list is called the preferred
DNS server
DNS suffix
DNS domain appended to all unqualified name
queries, or a query that contains only a host name
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DNS Client Settings (continued)

Activity 5-5: Adding an Alternate DNS server
Objective: Add an alternate DNS server
19

Activity 5-6: Adding a Domain Suffix to IP
Properties
Objective: Configure a client with an additional
DNS suffix
20

Activity 5-7: Creating a Full Computer Name
Objective: Change the computer name
21
Dynamic Updates
Windows Server 2008
Supports dynamic updates with both standard and
Active Directory Domain Servicesintegrated
domains
Dynamic updates
Sometimes referred to as DDNS
22
Installing DNS in Windows Server

2008
DNS
A role that can be installed on Windows Server 2008
Full and Server Core versions
Often combined with other services such as DHCP
23
Installing Cache-Only DNS Servers

Cache-only DNS server
Server that has the DNS role installed
Does not hold a DNS zone so it is not authoritative
for any DNS zones
Does it maintain any DNS records
24
Installing Cache-only DNS Servers

(continued)
Activity 5-8: Installing DNS on MSN-SRV-0XX
Objective: Install the DNS Server role
25
Installing Cache-only DNS Servers

(continued)
Root hints
Provide IP address pointers to top-level DNS servers
When configured, a DNS server can perform queries
when it receives domain name requests for zones in
which it is not authoritative
Provide referral answers to queries in a DNS servers
quest to resolve an unknown domain name request
Forwarders
Servers used to resolve names
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DNS Zones
Zones
Building blocks for creating your DNS infrastructure
DNS zones
Classified in three ways
The information they store
Where they are stored
Their read/write status
Fall into two categories

Standard and Active Directory
27
Standard Zones
zone.dns
Used to store DNS records
Found in the %systemroot%\system32\DNS folder
Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)

Industry standard of DNS servers on the Internet
and networks running DNS on UNIX/Linux systems
28
Standard DNS Zone Types

Primary DNS zone
The zone that is authoritative for a specific domain
and its name records
Secondary DNS zone

Read-only version of the DNS records for a zone
Stub zone
Read-only copy of a zone that obtains its resource
records from the name servers that are authoritative
for a particular zone
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Standard DNS Zone Types (continued)

Activity 5-9: Installing a Primary DNS Zone for
bentech.local
Objective: Create a primary DNS zone
30
Standard DNS Zone Types (continued)

Activity 5-10: Installing a Secondary DNS Zone on
MSN-SC-0XX
Objective: Install DNS on Server Core
31
Direction of DNS Zones

Forward lookup DNS zones
Allow a DNS client to resolve an FQDN to an IP
address
Reverse lookup DNS zone

Maps IP addresses to host names
32
Direction of DNS Zones (continued)

Activity 5-11: Creating a Reverse Lookup Zone
Objective: Create a reverse lookup zone
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DNS Resource Records

Information in a DNS record
Owner, Time-to-Live (TTL)
Class, Type
Resource Record Data (RDATA)
Start of Authority (SOA)

Record is the starting point for information related to
a zone
Name server (NS) record

Identifies a DNS server that is authoritative for a
zone
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DNS Resource Records (continued)

Host (A) record
Provides host nametoIP address resolution for
DNS clients
Host (AAAA) Records for IPv6

Records map a host name to an IPv6 address
Mail exchanger (MX) record

Specifies the server that is responsible for handling
e-mail
Alias records
Used to create an alias for a specific host
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Pointer records
Resolves IP address to host names for DNS clients
Service locator records

Provides the following information
Location of services it needs
Network protocol needed to access the previously
mentioned services
Domain services it provides
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Activity 5-12: Creating DNS Records in the DNS
Console
Objective: Create DNS records
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Standard DNS Zone Transfers

Master server
Provides updated DNS record information to
secondary servers
Slave server
Gets its updates from the master zone transfer
partner specified on the Zone Transfer tab in DNS
Zone transfers from the master to the secondary

server come in two varieties
Incremental zone transfers (IXFRs)
Full zone transfers (AXFRs)
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Summary
DNS
Responsible for providing name resolution for clients
on public and private networks
Core functionality of DNS

To provide host nametoIP address resolution, or
forward lookups
Standard zones classifications

Primary, secondary, and stub zones
DNS
Uses many types of records to store information in
its zones
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Summary (continued)
Installing the DNS role can be done through the
GUI using Server Manager
DNS console
The main GUI tool responsible for managing DNS
Allows you to add, delete, and modify all aspects of
DNS
45

DNS

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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows

Server 2008 Network Infrastructure

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

Domain Name System

Supported on the Internet by thousands of

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

Domain Name System (continued)

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

DNS Terminology (continued)

Fully qualified domain names

Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

DNS Terminology (continued)

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

DNS Terminology (continued)

Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

DNS Terminology (continued)

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

DNS Queries in Windows Server 2008

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

Configuring DNS Clients

Windows Server 2008

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

DNS Client Settings

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

DNS Client Settings (continued)

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

DNS Client Settings (continued)

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

DNS Client Settings (continued)

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

Installing DNS in Windows Server

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

Installing Cache-Only DNS Servers

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Network Infrastructure Configuration

Installing Cache-only DNS Servers