Lecturer: Dr Mohammad Nabil Almunawar

Learning Objectives
Identify several major developments and

trends in the industries, technologies and

business applications of telecommunications
and Internet technologies.
Provide examples of the business value of
Internet, intranet, and extranet applications.
Identify the basic components, functions, and
types of telecommunications networks.
Explain the functions of major types of
telecommunications network hardware media,
and services.
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Business Value of
Telecommunications

Trends in Telecommunications

Telecommunications-Based Services

Some Important Terms

Open Systems: Information systems that

use common standards for hardware,

software, applications, and networking.
Connectivity: The ability of networked
computers and other devices to easily
access and communicate with each other
and share information.
Interoperability: The ability of an open
system to enable the many different
applications of end users to be
accomplished using the different varieties
of computer systems, software packages,
and databases provided by a variety of
interconnected networks

Telecommunications Network Model

Network Component Alternatives

Telecommunications
Communication Media
Twisted Pair
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optics

Terrestrial Microwave
Communication

Satellites
Cellular Technologies
Wireless LAN

Types of Telecommunications
Networks

Wide Area Network (WAN) network that

covers a large geographic area

Local Area Network (LAN) network
connecting information processing devices
within a limited physical area
Virtual Private Network (VPN) secure
network that uses the Internet as its main
backbone network, but relies on network
firewalls, encryption, and other security
features of its Internet and intranet
connections and those of participating
organizations
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Types of Telecommunications
Networks
Client/Server PCs and workstations,

called clients are interconnected by local

area networks and share application
processing with network servers
Network Computing Thin clients provide
a browser-based user interface for
processing small application programs
Peer-to-Peer file-sharing software
connects each PC to a central server or to
another online users PC
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LAN & VPN

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Client/Server & Network

Computing

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Peer-to-Peer

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Telecommunications Processors and

Software
Modems
Multiplexers
Internetwork

Processors
Switches
Routers
Hubs

Gateways

Network Operating

System
Telecommunications
Monitor
Middleware
Network Management
Software

Fire walls

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Telecommunications
Technologies

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Internetwork Processors
Switch makes connections between

telecommunications circuits in a network

Router intelligent communications
processor that interconnects networks
based on different protocols
Hub a port switching communications
processor
Gateway connects networks using
different communications architectures
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Communications
Processors

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Wireless Technologies
Terrestrial Microwave earthbound microwave

systems that transmit high-speed radio

signals in a line-of-sight path between relay
stations spaced approximately 30 miles apart
Communications Satellites - high-earth orbit
communications satellites placed in stationary
geosynchronous orbits

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Wireless Technologies
Cellular and PCS Systems a geographic

area divided into cells with one low-power

transmitter device per cell used to relay
calls from one cell to another
Wireless LANs high- or low-frequency radio
technology installed in an office or building
Wireless Web wireless, Web-enabled
information appliances accessing the
Internet, intranets and extranets
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The Wireless Web

Web-enabled appliances proliferate
Smart telephones, pagers, PDAs
All are very thin clients in wireless networks

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Internet
A network made up of millions of

smaller private networks each with

the ability to operate independent of,
or in harmony with, all the other
millions of networks connected to the
Internet

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Internet Applications

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Business Use of the

Internet

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Business Value of the

Internet

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Intranet
A network inside an organization that uses

Internet technologies to provide an Internetlike environment within the enterprise for

information sharing, communications,
collaboration, and the support of business
processes

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Business Value of
Intranets
Communications and Collaboration includes

email, voicemail, paging, faxes, and

groupware
Web Publishing easy, attractive and lowcost way of publishing and accessing
multimedia business information
Business Operations and Management
platform for developing and deploying critical
business applications to support business
operations and managerial decision making
across the inter-networked enterprise
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Business Value of
Intranets

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Extranet
Network links that use Internet technologies

to interconnect the intranet of a business with

the intranets of its customers, suppliers, or
other business partners

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Business Value of
Extranets

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Network Management
Traffic Management manage network

resources and traffic to avoid congestion and

optimize telecommunications service levels to
users
Security provide authentication, encryption,
firewall, auditing and enforcement

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Network Management
Network Monitoring troubleshoot and watch

over the network, informing network

administrators of potential problems before
they occur
Capacity Planning survey network resources
and traffic patterns and users needs to
determine how best to accommodate the
needs of the network as it grows and changes

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Network Topologies
Star ties end user computers to a central

computer
Ring ties local computer processors together
in a ring on a relatively equal basis
Bus local processors share the same
communications channel

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Network Topologies

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Network Architectures &

Protocols

Protocol standard set of rules and procedures

for the control of communications in a network
Network Architecture the use of standard
protocols, standard communications hardware
and software interfaces and the design of a
standard multilevel interface between end
users and computer systems with the goal of
promoting an open, simple, flexible, and
efficient telecommunications environment

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OSI & TCP/IP Models

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) - model

is a seven-layer model that serves as a

standard model for network architectures
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) is a five layer
telecommunications protocol used by the
Internet

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OSI & TCP/IP Models

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Bandwidth
Definition:
Classification of communications speed
and capacity of telecommunications
networks
Transmission Rates:
Narrow-band low-speed
Broadband high-speed

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Transmission Speeds

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Switching Alternatives
Circuit Switching a switch opens a circuit to

establish a link between a sender and receiver; it

remains open until the communication session is
completed
Message Switching a message is transmitted a
block at a time from one switching device to another
Packet Switching messages are divided into fixed
or variable length packets, and packets are sent
across networks
Cell Switching breaks voice, video and other data
into fixed cells of 53 bytes and routes them to their
next destination in the network

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Summary
Organizations are becoming networked enterprises that

use the Internet, intranets, and other telecommunications

networks to support business operations and collaboration
within the enterprise, and with their customers, suppliers,
and other business partners.
Telecommunications technology is moving toward open,
inter-networked digital networks for voice, data, video and
multimedia.
Open systems with unrestricted connectivity using
Internet technologies are the primary telecommunications
technology drivers in e-business systems.
Companies are deriving strategic business value from the
Internet, which enables them to disseminate information
globally, communicate and trade interactively with
customized information and services for individual
customers, and foster collaboration of people and
integration of business processes within the enterprise
and with business partners.

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Summary
Businesses are installing and extending intranets

throughout their organizations to:

Improve communications and collaboration among
individuals and teams within the enterprise
Publish and share valuable business information
easily, inexpensively, and effectively via
enterprise information portals
Develop and deploy critical applications to support
business operations and decision making
The primary role of extranets is to link the intranet
resources of a company to the intranets of its
customers, suppliers, and other business partners.

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