KAS 3501 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH
SEMESTER 6 2014/2015
GROUP 5
SAFETY
GROUP
MEMBERSINDEX AND FIRE
MATRICINDEX
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KUAN SHI YUN

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SAFETY INDEX
AT WORKPLACE

WHAT IS WORKPLACE
SAFETY?
Workplace safety is an important aspect to
the success of a company. Keeping
employees safe from injuries and health
problems while on the job not only makes
good business sense, it is required by law.
The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) enforces rules and
regulations to keep workplaces safe. There
are several ways to measure work safety with
the goal of improving it. Measure work safety
by examining the risk of exposure, reviewing

TOP 10 MOST COMMON

WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Overexertion
Fall on same level surfaces
Fall to lower level
Bodily reaction
Struck by an object

6. Struck against an object

7. Highway accident
8. Caught In/ Compressed By
9. Repetitive Motion
10. Assaults and violent acts

HOW DO WE MEASURE
WORK SAFETY?

1. Assess the exposure to

risk.
Your working environment and the
conditions of the people, equipment and
procedures will help you determine whether
people are likely to get hurt.
o Look at the things that might be creating the
exposure to risk. For example, if paid sick time
is not available at your company, workers
might hesitate to stay home when they are
infectious, bringing their illness into the
workplace.

2. Evaluate the safety

programs you currently
have in place.

Ensure they are having a positive result.

o Make sure all safety programs and initiatives

cover personal safety as well as procedural
safety. For example, workers who are trained
on how to avoid getting a chemical burn will
know how to protect themselves, and how to
keep their process free from the risk of a burn.
o Adjust programs that are not working. If all new
employees are trained on how to safely use a
specific piece of equipment, but incidents are
rising on that machine, something is missing in
the safety training.

3. Review your organizational culture to

determine whether safety is a priority.

Conduct employee surveys to find out if

workers feel safe and offer rewards to
departments and teams that achieve
productivity and success without any
injuries.
o Evaluate the strength of your team. When
workers are concerned about the safety of
others as well as their own safety, a positive
and safe environment is created.
o Encourage workers to look at safety as
something not specific to their own work or
department. For example, anyone should be

4. Determine how safety

decisions are made
For example, staffs might not seem like a
safety issue, but it could become one if
workers are getting hurt because there is
not enough help when it comes to moving
heavy items or monitoring a residential
environment.

5. Identify safety leaders.

These can be supervisors, managers or low
level employees. Reward and compensate
those who make safety a priority.

6. Conduct inspections and

audits.
Highlight impressive results and use those
high achieving areas as a model for anything
that is not working as it should.

7. Put drills and practice

sessions into place
Hold fire alarms, practice what would be
done during a chemical spill or a major
accident. This will demonstrate the
preparedness of employees and help them
feel prepared.

FIRE INDEX

Each of these three elements must be present at

the same time to have a fire. A fire will burn until
one or more of the elements is removed.
Fuel
Any combustible material solid, liquid or gas
Oxygen
The air we breathe is
about 21% oxygen
fire needs only
16% oxygen

Heat
The energy necessary to
increase the temperature of
fuel to where sufficient
vapors are given off for
ignition to occur

HOW DO FIRE START?

For a fire to start, the three things in the triangle below
are needed.
Fuel
Flammable gases, liquids and solids including fine powders and
dust.
Oxygen
Always present in the air. Other sources come from substances
which produce oxygen.
Ignition sources
Hot surfaces, electrical equipment, static electricity, smoking and
naked flames.
If any one of these is missing, a fire cannot start. So,
taking steps to avoid the three coming together will
reduce the chances of a fire happening.

There are 4 classes of fire:

Class A
Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as
wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and some plastics.
Class B
Flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline,
kerosene, paint, paint thinners and propane.
Class C
Energized electrical equipment, such as appliances,
switches, panel boxes and power tools.
Class D
Certain combustible metals, such as magnesium,
titanium, potassium, and sodium.

Industrial Explosions

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

Are These Materials

Explosive?
coal

sugar

metal

plastic
wood

medicines

Imperial Sugar Company

February 7, 2008
Port Wentworth,
Georgia
14 deaths and
numerous injured
persons
A spark started the
fire and explosion
of the sugar cloud

Fire and Explosion by Metal

Powder : Indiana
October 23,
2003
Huntington
Indiana
1 dead, 6
injured
Aluminum
powder caught
fire in a dust
collector, from

23

Fire and Explosion in CTA

Acoustics
February 20, 2003
Corbin, Kentucky,
7deaths, several injured
An poorly worked oven
lit a

cloud of phenolic

resin dust, causing the

explosion.
24

PREVENTING FIRE AT
WORKPLACE

A) Controlling sources of
ignition
remove unnecessary sources of heat
from the workplace.
Make sure that your machinery and
equipment has been designed to
limit the risk of fire and explosions.
Make sure that all your electrical
equipment is regularly serviced and
fit for the purpose it is being used.

b) Limiting the fuel for a

fire
Make sure that flammable materials
are handled, stored and used
correctly.
Store flammable substances in their
proper storage containers .
Do not allow grease, dust or oil to
build up around equipment

c) Detecting and warning

about fire
Detecting any fires
Consider arrangements for detecting
a fire.
Larger premises may need an
electrical alarm system with manual
call points.

d) Escaping a fire
Once people are aware of a fire, they
should be also to leave the building
safely. So the emergency lighting
needs to work completely to:
Show the escape routes clearly.
To allow people to move safely
towards the final exits.
Make sure that fire call points and
firefighting equipment can be found
easily.

e) Fire safety information

for employess
All employees should get information
about:
How to escape route to use from
where they are working
The fire warning system used in the
area they are working in.

f) Fighting Fires
All workplaces should have
equipment for putting out fire such
as:
Fire extinguishers to tackle a fire in
its early stage.
Fire blankets have two type which is
light duty blanket and heavy duty
blanket.
Light duty blanket for small fire and
heavy duty blanket use for molten

NFPA Label
National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA)
The higher the number in the red box
(max is 4), the greater the fire
hazard.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

MSDS Required by OSHA (29 CFR
1910.1200) for each chemical used
Includes name of chemicals, physical
hazards, health hazards, exposure routes,
permissible exposure levels (PEL),
appropriate PPE, handling, storage, spills,
transportation, disposal information
Must be readily accessible to all
employees in the work area

Fire Protection & Prevention

(1926.150 .159)
Common OSHA Citations:
150(c)(1)(I): 2A fire extinguishers Building
Area
152(a)(1): Storage of LP Containers
153(j): Fire Protection Program/equipment
150(a)(1): 10B Fire Extinguisher w/in 50 feet
of
combustible/flammable liquids
150(c)(1)(vi): Approved containers for
flammables/combustibles

Remember!
Your Safety Comes First
When in doubt,
leave the fire
fighting to the
professionals

Think Safety, Not Just Compliance!

THANK YOU FOR LENDING US YOUR
ATTENTION