Agenda

o 3G RADIO INTERFACE (Uu)

o RAB definition and Radio bearer definition
o SRB definition and Signaling connection definition
o 3G call Scenario

CDMA RAN Interfaces. Uu

Iub

Iu

RNC

MSC
MGW

IUR
RNC

WCDMA RAN

UE

NAS messages

Every interface contains protocols used over it.

Protocol used over the Iub interface
o Node B Application Part Protocol (NBAP).
Protocol used over the Iur interface

o Radio Network Subsystems Application Part (RNSAP).

Protocol used over the Iu interface
o Radio Access network application part(RNAP)
NAS Messages
o Signaling between the UE and CN directly

SGSN
GGSN

Core Network

DMA RAN Interfaces (Contd).

CS Domain
Iu-CS

Signaling

MSC
MGW

data

RNC

PS Domain

Iu-PS

GGSN
In band Signaling
Direct tunneling

Iu-Bc

SGSN
Broadcast domain

CBC
CellBroadcastcenter

WCDMA RAN
Core Network
The Iu interface to the circuit switched domain, i.e. to the MSC, is referred to as Iu-CS.
The Iu interface to the packet switched domain, i.e. to the SGSN, is referred to as Iu-PS.

ERED STRUCTURE OF PROTOCOLS

User Data

010

010

Correction 10010 Peer layers 10010

addressing110010

110010

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE

UE

RODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, UU

The interface is layered into three protocol
layers:
o The physical layer (L1);
o The data link layer (L2);
o Network layer (L3)
Network layer (L3)

Layer 3

Data link layer (L2)

Layer 2

Physical layer (L1)

Layer 1

RODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu

Layer 3

(Network layer )

oLayer 3 consists of one protocol, called Radio Resource Control (RRC), which belong to
the control plane.
o Function of RRC is to establish SRB between the UE and the RNC to handle most of
the control signals.
oRRC controls the lower layers

Control Plane

NAS
RRC

Layer 3

Note :
o Messages that are not meant for the RAN but for the CN are called Non Access
Stratum (NAS)
o Transferred transparently over the WCDMA RAN.

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu (Contd)

Layer 2 (Data link layer)

oLayer 2 is split into different sub layers.

A- Radio Link Control (RLC)
Control Plane

B-Medium Access Control (MAC)

User Plan (User data)

NAS
Layer 3

RRC
Signaling Radio Bearers

Radio Bearers

RLC
MAC
RLC layer (Radio Link Control)
oRLC layer provides service in both
A-Control plane is called Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB)
is called a Radio Bearer (RB)
oSignaling Radio Bearer, SRB
Signaling messages between the UE and the RNC.
oRadio Bearer, RB.
User data transport between the UE and the RNC.

Layer 2

B-User plane it

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu (Contd)

oRLC map messages on different logical channels.
Control
Plane SRB

User Plan (User

data)
RB

RLC
Logical Channels

Logical Channels

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu (Contd)

MAC layer Medium Access Control
o Logical channels received from the RLC layer are mapped onto the transport
channels.
o Multiplex signaling and data to transport channels

RLC

RLC

Logical Channels

Logical Channels

MAC
Transport Channels

Different MAC entities depend on the traffic type:

o MAC-b handles the transport channel for the broadcast channel.
o MAC-d handles all dedicated transport channels
o MAC-hs handles the HS-DSCH transport channels

Layer 2

ODUCTION TO RADIO INTERFACE, Uu (Contd)

Layer 1 (physical layer)

Control Plane
User Plan (User data)

oTransport channels are mapped onto

the physical layer.

NAS

oMapped to combination of:

Carrier frequency
Codes (channelization/scrambling
code pair)

RRC

Layer 3
RB

SRB

RLC
Logical Channels

MAC

Logical Channels

Layer 2

Transport Channels

Physical Layer

Layer 1

Exchanges of signaling and user data between the

UE and the UTRAN
Node
-B

Control Plane
User Plan (User data)

Control Plane
User Plan (User da
RRC

L3

RRC

RN
C

L3

SRB
Radio
Bearer
RLC

Logical Channels

RLC

Logical Channels

L2

MAC

MAC

FP
Transport Channels

Laye
r1
PHY

L1

FP
AAL
2
ATM
Lay
er 1

L2

Transport Channel

AAL
2
ATM
PHY

L1

RAB

CN-CS

Signaling connection
UTRAN
RAB

CN-PS

Signaling connection

RA
B

Radio
Bearer

SC

SRB

Iu Signaling
Bearer
Iu
Bearer

oSC provides confidential transport of signaling between UE and CN

oRAB provides confidential transport of user data between UE and CN
oThe signaling Radio Bearers, SRB, can carry layer 3 signaling (RRC connection
establishment),
oA Radio Bearer responsible for transfer of data between UE and UTRAN.
oRadio bearers are mapped successively on logical channels, transport channels and

CN

RNC

RRC
Iu Signaling
Channel
Bearer
--------------Signaling
Radio
Radi
Bearer--------------------------------------------------------------------Signaling
o
Connection--------------------------Link
Traffic
Channel
--------------Radio

Iu
Bearer

Bearer---------------------------------------------------------------------------RAB--------------------------------------------

RNC

CN

Conversational
--------------------------------------Voice Call
HSDPA RAB
--------------------------------------Streaming (TV)
HSDPA RAB
--------------------------------------interactive
(Browsing)
HSDPA RAB
--------------------------------------Background
Iu-PS Signaling
(Email)
(RANAP)
SRB

SGSN

Iu-CS Signaling
MGW
(RANAP)
oA user can have several RABs in case several services are required for
this user.

Four Major traffic classes can be identified:

Traffic class

Fundamental
characteristi
cs

Conversation
al class
conversation
al RT

Streaming
class
streaming RT

Interactive
class
Interactive
best effort

Background
Background
best
effort

High
Protection
as there is no
Retransmissio
n Protocol
No Delays in
both ways

High
Protection
as there is no
Retransmissio
n Protocol

Request and
Response
Re
transmission
Protocols are
used

Delays are
Accepted

Web
browsing

Emails

Mini Delay
(Buffers
compensate
the Delays)

Example of
the
application

voice

streaming
video

Exchanges of signaling between the UE and the CN

oMessage from UE to CN (NAS message)

NAS includes Mobility Management (Location area update)

Short Message Services (SMS).

NAS messages

Uu

Nod
e-B

RN
C

IUB
Peer

NAS
RRC

RRC

RLC

RLC

MAC

MAC

Layer
1

IU

FP
AAL
2

FP
AAL
2

CN

RANA
P
SCCP
MTP
-3b

NAS
RANA
P
SCCP
MTP
-3b

AAL5

AAL5

NNI
-SAAL

NNI
-SAAL

Laye
r 1 ATM

ATM

ATM

ATM

Laye
r1

Laye
r1

Layer 1

Layer 1

RRC (Radio Resource Controller

C (Radio Resource Controller)

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

RRC provides the following functions:
Broadcast of system information
Initial cell selection and cell re-selection.
Paging.
Transparent message transfer.
Establishment, reconfiguration and release of Radio Bearers.
o Capacity managements .
RRC connection mobility functions.
o Handover evaluation
UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting.
o Take the decisions based on measurements report

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

Example for RRC Messages..
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

oCell Update
RRC Connection Request
oCell Update Confirm
RRC Connection Setup
oActive Set Update
RRC Connection Reject
oActive Set Update Complete
RRC Connection Setup Complete
oActive Set Update Failure
RRC Connection Release
RRC Connection Release Complete
Paging Type 1
Paging Type 2
Radio Bearer Setup
Radio Bearer Setup Complete
Radio Bearer Setup Failure
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete Failure
Radio Bearer Release
Radio Bearer Release Complete
Radio Bearer Release Failure
Physical Channel Reconfiguration
Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete
Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete Failure

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

RRC FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES
1- BROADCAST OF SYSTEM INFORMATION
The System Information messages are sent on BCCH logical channel

BCCH on BCH or FACH

DL idle

BCCH
(Logical)

BCH(Transport)

DL FACH

BCCH
(Logical)

FACH(Transport)

WCDMA RAN

P-CCPCH(*)
Primary Common Control
Physical Ch.
S-CCPCH
Secondary Common Control
Physical Ch..

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

2- PAGING
This procedure is used to transmit paging information to selected UE in
o Idle mode
o CELL_PCH
o Cell FACH and Cell DCH
oPICH is used to indicate to the UE when it should read the SCCPCH (Physical channels)
Idle /PCH
CELL_DCH
CELL_FACH

DL Idle
DL DCH
FACH

Paging type 1 PCCH/PCH

WCDMA RAN

Paging type 2 DCCH

WCDMA RAN

PCCH (Logical)
Paging Control
Ch.

PCH
(Transport)
Paging Ch.

DCCH(Logical)

FACH
(Transport)

S-CCPCH (Physical)
Secondary Common Control
Physical Ch.

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

3-ESTABLISHMENT, MAINTENANCE AND RELEASE OF RRC

CCONNECTION
Connection Establishment
RNC
RRC Connection Request CCCH/RACH

RRC Connection Setup CCCH/FACH

WCDMA
RAN
Connected
Mode
RRC Connection Setup Complete
DCCH/DCH

UL

CCCH (Logical
Channel)
Common Control
Ch.

RACH (Transport
Channel)
Rand access ch

PRACH
(Physical Ch.)

DL

CCCH (Logical
Channel)
Common Control
Ch.

FACH (Transport
Channel)
Forward Access Ch.

S-CCPCH
Secondary Common Control
(Physical Ch.)

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

ESTABLISHMENT, MAINTENANCE AND RELEASE OF RRC CONNECTION
(Contd)
From Establishment Cause for
RRC connection
o Originating Conversational Call
o Originating Streaming Call
o Originating Interactive Call
o Originating Background Call
o Emergency Call

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

Release the RRC connection cause
RNC
CELL_DCH

DCCH:RRC Connection Release

DCCH:RRC Connection Release
Complete

CELL_FACH

CCCH/FACH: RRC Connection

Release
CCCH/RACH: RRC Connection
Release Complete

PICH
URA_PCH

PCCH (RRC Connection Release)

CCCH/RACH: RRC Connection
Release Complete

URA_PCH no
uplink channel in
cell pch

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

GNALING CONNECTION
oSignaling Connection is a connection between one Core Network (CN) and one UE
oThe Signaling Connection consists
one RRC Connection over RAN
one or two signaling connection over Iu interface
oEstablishment of the first Signaling Connection is initiated by the UE as soon as the
RRC Connection is successfully established.
Note that only one RRC Connection is used.

MSC
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer

PS
S
C
S
C

CS

CN 1
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
RAN

RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer

S
C

RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
UE

One RRC
Connection

SGSN
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer
CN 2

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

naling Connection Release

oA signaling connection normally exists in conjunction with a RAB
oHowever, in some cases a signaling connection is established to perform control plane
actions that do not involve any user plane action, such as location area updating.
oSignaling connection release is used to notify UE that one of its signaling connections
has been released.
oThis procedure does not initiate the release of the RRC connection.
UE location
R
A
B

area
updating

S
C

RNC
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
UE

One RRC
Connection

RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
RAN

Signaling Connection Release

RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer

MSC
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer
CN 1

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

ANSPARENT MESSAGE TRANSFER

o The UE sends Initial Direct Transfer
o This message carries the initial NAS message from the UE to the CN (Reason for
the access)

S
C

Initial Direct Transfer

(DCCH)

RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
UE

One RRC
Connection

RNC
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
RAN

RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer

MSC
RANAP
RANAP
Iu Transport
IuLayer
Transport
Layer
CN 1

Transfer of NAS messages at Mobile Originated Call Setup

RAN
RAN

CN
CN

RRC: RRC Connection Request

RRC: RRC Connection Setup
RRC Connection Setup
complete

-------------------------------------------------SC--------------------------------------------------------------SRB-----------------Initial Direct Transfer NAS: (Service Request)

RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer NAS: (Authentication Request)
Authentication Response
RRC: Security Mode Command
RRC: Security Mode Complete
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer NAS: (Setup)
want to make a call)

(i
Check Iu resources

RAB Assignment Request

Check RNC resources and QOS

RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer NAS: (Call Proceeding)

RRC: Radio Bearer Setup
RRC: Radio bearer Setup
complete

-------------------------------------------------RAB-------------------------------------------------------------RB------------------

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

RADIO BEARER
MANAGEMENT
RRC performs
o Radio Bearer
establishment,
o Radio Bearer
reconfiguration
o Radio Bearer release.
RB Manage

RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1

UE

RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1

RAB Assignment
Request

RANAP
RANAP
Iu
Iu
Transport
Transport
Layer
Layer

RAN

RANAP
RANAP
Iu
Iu
Transport
Transport
Layer
Layer

CN

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

adio Bearer Setup

RAB Assignment
Request

CN

RNC

RAB Assignment
Request

CN

RNC

RAB Assignment
Request

CN

RNC
Admission
Control,

Radio Bearer Setup

RB Setup Complete

dio Bearer Reconfiguration

RB Reconfiguration
RB Reconfiguration
Complete

adio Bearer Release

Radio Bearer Release
Radio Bearer Release
Complete

(Radio Resource Controller) Contd

L UPDATE

le in connected mode (DCH) the UE is always in SOFT handover

en finish the call (common channels)
ve to send cell update
ell the network where I am
Cell Update
RNC
Cell Update CCCH on RACH
Cell Update Confirm DCCH on
FACH

UL

DL

CCCH
(Logical)

DCCH(Logical
)

RACH(Transport)

FACH(Transport)

PRACH (Physical Ch.)

Physical Random Access Ch.

S-CCPCH (Physical)
Secondary Common Control
Physical

RLC Protocols

RLC Protocols
Uu
User data
RLC LAYER 2

RLC LAYER 2

RLC PCI

RLC PDU

User data

RLC SDU

RLC
PCI

RLC SDU

RLC
PCI

Payload

MAC Layer 2

Payload

MAC layer 2

MAC SDU

Layer 1

MAC SDU

Layer 1

e data unit is what I get from higher layers

otocol control information is added to get PDU protocol data unit (head

LC Protocols(Contd)

RLC Functions

mentation and re-assembly

t know the user data size so I make segmentation into block size to feet the PDU
embly I have to do the opposite on the other side
Uu
User data

RL
C
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU

RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI

Payload
Payload
Payload

User data

RL
C
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU

RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI

Payload
Payload
Payload

MAC SDU

MAC SDU

data 1

2-Concatenation
If the contents of an RLC SDU do not fill
RLC PDU
So I can concatenate in the PDU and use
the headers PCI to know the blocks

RLC
RLC
PCI

RLC PDU

SDU 2

RLC
SDU

SDU 1

LC Protocols(Contd)

RLC Functions

data 1
RLC

3-Padding
Data to be transmitted does not fill an entire RLC
SDU of given size,
The remainder of the data field is filled with
padding bits.

RLC
PCI

RLC PDU

Dummy
bits

RLC
SDU
SDU
1

4-Transfer of user data

RLC supports data transfer in the below modes
o Acknowledged Mode
o Unacknowledged Mode
o Transparent Mode
Acknowledged Mode (AM)
Some data go through and get changed
if Error happened Retransmission is requested (interactive PS data)
User data

RLC
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU

RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI

Payload
Payload
Payload

Buffer
Buffer
Buffer

I have to put the data in buffer and Release it once I get ACK If get NACK I retransmit
the data in the buffer

LC Protocols(Contd)

RLC Functions
Unacknowledged Mode (UM)
Some data to through and get changed but no retransmissions happened
(Streaming )
User data

RLC

RLC PDU
RLC PDU

RLC
PCI
RLC
PCI

Payload
Payload

Transparent Mode (TM).

Some data go through and no change happened on it
o Signaling, AMR Voice
o No change happened to it
o As I designed it by 3GPP to feet the lower layers

LC Protocols(Contd)

RLC Functions
5-In-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs
RLC
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU

User
data
1
2
3
MAC SDU

RLC
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU

1
2
3

MAC SDU

6-Duplicate detection
Ensures that PDU is delivered only once to the upper layer.
7-Error correction
This function provides error correction by retransmission in the acknowledged
data transfer mode.
Operate in
ACK mode

8-Flow control
Keep the data in buffer until the resources are ready (Control the rate of
transmission)

Medium Access control Protocol) Prot

Medium Access control Protocol) Protocols

ta from RLC layer and put them on the Right transport channel
RLC
Logical Channels

Layer 2

MAC

Transport Channel

MAC Architecture UE Side

PCCH

BCCH

CCCH

DCCH DTCH

MAC -D
MAC
-e

MAC
-hs

E-DCH

HS -DSCH

MAC C

PCH

FACH

RACH

DCH

Physical Layer

hysical Layer Overview

Mapped to combination of
o Carrier frequency
o Code

Transport channels

Channel Coding

Multiplexing

Mapping to physical
channels

Spreading
Modulation

Air interface

Thanks You