L.D.

COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
SUBJECT : EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES AND
INSTRUMENTATION IN AUTOMOBILE
M.E. (I.C./AUTO) 2nd SEM.

PREPARED
BY : NEJAL PATEL
(140280711012)

ACCELERATION AND VIBRATION

MEASUREMENT
ACCELERATION
It is derived from either displacement or velocity
In this method acceleration is measured indirectly.
But today accelerometer is available to measure the
acceleration of vehicle for direct measurement.

VIBRATION
Major parameter in vibration measurements are
displacement ,velocity and acceleration. The peaks
values of these quantities should be known.
Today a device called vibrometer is used to measure
natural frequency directly from vehicle.

TYPES OF ACCELEROMETER
1.Potentiometric Type Accelerometer

The seismic mass is attached to the wiper arm of resistance potentiometer. The
relative motion of mass and frame is sensed either in change in resistance or change
in voltage output.
Major drawback is limited resolution and lower natural frequency(less than 100 Hz).

2.LVDT(Linear Voltage Differential Transformer) Accelerometer.

The primary and secondary windings are used in LVDT. The

core acts as a mass. The reeds are attached to the housing
which is subjected to the vibration.
The secondary winding gives the AC output voltage whose
magnitude depends upon the amplitude of vibration.
ADVANTAGES-

smaller mass and higher frequency

better resolution
contactless device

3.STRAIN GUAGE ACCELEROMETER

Mass is mounted on cantilever beam. Strain gauge is
mounted on each side of beam and damping is provided with
completely filling the housing with viscous fluid.
The output of strain gauge is connected to Wheatstone
bridge circuit whose output indicates the relative
displacement of mass with respect to frame.

4.PIEZO ELECTIC ACCELEROMETER

The piezoelectric crystal is spring loaded with mass in
contact with the crystal.
When subjected to acceleration the mass stresses the
crystal with the force F=ma resulting with voltage
generated across the crystal.
The force generated is proportional to acceleration.

5.VARIABLE RELUCTANCE ACCELEROMETER

In this accelerometer the mass is permanent magnet.
Output voltage is obtained from the coil surrounding
the magnet.
Movement of mass induces the voltage in coil which is
proportional to the acceleration.
Used for the measurement of frequency less than 100
Hz

VIBRATION MEASUREMENT
VIBRATION- If the displacement time variation is
continuous form with some degree of repetitive
nature it is called a vibration.
SHOCK-If the action is of single event form a
transient with the motion decaying before further
action takes place referred as a shock.

NATURE OF VIBRATION
Most vibrations are sinusoidal displacement from
the mean position.
The displacement is given by
X=XmSint
By differentiation we can get velocity as well as
acceleration.

VIBROMETER
Vibrating Wedge
When the amplitude of the motion is greater
than 1mm Vibrating wedge is used.

Amplitude is given by
Xm=Atan/2
This device does not give any information about
waveform of the motion.

Cantilever beam as frequency measurement

The natural frequency of the beam is given by

fn= 0.55

fn=natural frequency ,Hz

E=modulus of elasticity of beam material,
I=moment of inertia of beam about C.G.,
m=mass per unit length,
L=length of the beam ,

THANK YOU