E.

F SCHUMACHER
AND THE
APPROPRIATE
TECHNOLOGY
MOVEMENT

ERNST
FRIEDRICH
SCHUMACHER
16 August 1911

Have you ever heard

his name ?

An
Economist ?
An Author ?

BORN: 16 August,
1911,
Bonn,
Germany
DIED: 4 September,
1977,
Switzerland,
at the age of 66.
EDUCATION: Oxford and
Columbia
University

This was the

principle idea
of
E. F.
Schumacher.
This
was

190
0

1930

1960

1990

2020

2050

predicted much
ago by
Schumacher.
Thus he focused
more on
sustainable use
of resources,
mainly
renewable ones,
rather than

I Hope All of You Know Who This

Is?
His Economic ideas are
famous throughout the
world.
His ideas of small scale
industry have given a
stable economy to India
during its years of
struggle.
M. K.
Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was the

greatest Economist
-by E. F. Schumacher

Small Is Beautiful:
Economics As If
People Mattered
-by E. the
F. idea of
Promoting
Schumacher
"enoughness," or providing
what is sufficient.

Some of his famous

quotes from Small is
Beautiful :

Small is
beautiful.
E.F.Schumacher
But sometime,people say-The bigger
the better.Really?...Lets see..

dNot always so,like in

these cases(depends on
your position),but in
economics,it does.->

And a few life-like

examples..
Hello there!

Guess this little

guy??.....->>

Conclusion:Small may\may
not be beautiful,but bigger
may not be always better,so

Our man Schumacher..

Name:Ernst Friedrich "Fritz"
Schumacher (16 August 1911 4
September 1977)
Introduction:Given.
Famous concept:Appropriate
technology movement(ATM)
Quote:Small is Beautiful
Status:Will be discussed now

Mission: Solve demand of resources

by increased production
Initial step and thought : Bigger is better
Initial procedure : Usage of man power in huge industries,

mechanized production , mobilizing resources , energy..

Result : Pollution , environmental degradation , rapid decline in

human values in socio-economic-politic frame , DEPRESSION ,the

Great Depression , advent of Consumerism , without adequate
measures to increase production as per demand(Due to
Westernization??????......)

Solution , as according to Schumi:Buddhist economics , work from

all people , contributed equally well ,as needed , and lowering

unnecessary consumption of resources , used for better purposes

Differences-Large
Basic requirements-Small
Resources already
scarce-due to
urbanization on a
global scale,leading to
scarcity of power,raw
materials..widely.

Why do we need it small?

Modern economics, on one hand, considers

consumption to be the sole end and purpose

of all economic activity, taking the factors of
production-land, labour, and capital-as the
means.

The former, in short, tries to maximise human

satisfactions by the optimal pattern of

consumption, while the latter(Modern
Economics) tries to maximise consumption by
the optimal pattern of productive effort.

 Thus if society be divided into smaller parts-say

localities

it needs local needs to be created and sold locally

without
the need of mobilizing labour and materials from outside
outside the locality.
And increasing distance or transportation of materials , or

workers from workshops increases the cost of the

product(e.g. most imported products , except Chinese),so
localization means easier production and approachability
to
the local market.

So , here production requires a small local scale , in the

The Grameen
Bank:
How does it work?

And their working principle..

Small adequate Loans are better than charity to
interrupt and remove poverty.
Offer people the opportunity to take initiatives in
business or agriculture, which provide earnings and
enable them to pay off the debt.
the belief that people have endless potential , and
unleashing their creativity and initiative helps them
end poverty
The money reaches to the poorest ,the rural
women(95 percent) ,
illiterate, and unemployed people.

And Now

Their Humble present state,from

rags ,to.riches?No,its just their basic
needs!
In 2001 a fifth of the bank's loans were more than a

year overdue.The Bank says that more than half of its

borrowers in Bangladesh (close to 50 million) have
risen out of acute poverty thanks to their loan, as
measured by such standards as having all children of
school age in school, all household members eating
three meals a day, a sanitary toilet, a rainproof house,
clean drinking water, and the ability to repay a 300
taka-a-week (around 4 USD) loan!!Thats what a Third
World country may meansmall!
Other programs:Village phone Comm.,Housing
Loan,etc

DISADVANTAGES
BY NICOLE BELINDA DILLEN, CSE 2 ND YEAR

SIDE
EFFECTS
LONG
TERM
EFFECTS

DISADVANTAGE
S

RELIABILI
TY

LARGE
SCALE
APPLICATION

MAY NOT BE RELIABLE

A technology may depend on
environmental factors that could
constantly change
Lack of serviceability in remote areas

LONG TERM EFFECTS ARE UNKNOWN

Extensive use of bio-diesel
could encourage cultivation
of fuel producing crops as
opposed to edible ones
Biomass gasifiers consume
wood at a high rate and
could lead to deforestation

Jatropha- a fuel crop

A SOLUTION MAY SPARK ANOTHER

PROBLEM

Renewable energy
sources require the use of
batteries which have their
own side-effects

Turbines used in HEP

plants and Wind Mills
could damage biodiversity

PROBLEMS FOR LARGE SCALE APPLICATIONS

Some appropriate technologies are
expensive and impractical for large scale
use
Certain industries may work well for
small, remote areas only where the
demand can be met easily

ADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
decentralized
sustainable

ecofriendly

simplicit
y
eases
social
problems

DECENTRALIZED IN NATURE
The producer is the consumer, resulting in
higher quality goods
Centralized systems employ large, complex
machinery and 1000s of workers, and may break
down due to disruptions and labour strikes that
are hard to deal with
These issues are easier to track down and deal
with at a local level as opposed to a large
geographic area

SOPHISTICATED AND YET SIMPLE

Although the technology
involved is based on modern
sophisticated technology, they
are still very simple to design
and use
An apt example would be the
use of sophisticated and yet
easy to use photovoltaic solar

SUSTAINABLE
Appropriate technology uses the
communitys natural resources, thus
preventing the need for importing goods
the community becomes self-sufficient
Thus the technology is sustainable and
helps the community and country
economically

An example :
In Papua New Guinea,
traditional diesel fuel had to be
imported and was thus
expensive.
Unused, surplus coconuts were
used to make diesel fuel, thus
cutting costs and preventing
wastage

ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY
Renewable local energy sources cause little to
no air pollution
By-products and wastes are biodegradable
The energy sources employed in local
communities are readily available
Manufactured goods can be re-used
innovatively

EASES SOCIAL PROBLEMS

Households and industries become self-sufficient
and hence life is made simple
By growing more of our own food and buying
goods in our own communities we:
1.spend less time and money on transportation
2.produce less waste
3.consume fewer environmental resources