Concrete-1
CE-313
Flexural Analysis
and Design of
Beams
Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Flexural Behavior of Beams Under Service Load
When loads are applied on the beam stresses are produced
in concrete and steel reinforcement
Stress Strain
Perfect bond exists between steel & concrete so whatever strain
is produced in concrete same is produced in steel
Stress 0.6fc
’
Stress
Stee Concret
l e
Strain
ε 0.85f
c
C
c
N.A.
la
fs T
ε Resultant
Strain Stress
Diagram s Diagram Force Diagram
It is clear that the stress diagram is infect obtained by rotating
the stress strain diagram of concrete.
Strains keeps on changing linearly in all three cases.
Saturday, January 30, 2010 8
Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Flexural Behavior Beams (contd…)
Mr = T x la = C x la
f = ±M/(I/y)
f = ±M/S
f = Flexural Stress
S = Elastic Section Modulus
τ = VQ/(Ib)
τ = Shear Stress b
Q = First moment of area d
h
h d, Effective Depth d
As (Tension
Face)
bw
fc = concrete stress at any load level at any distance form
the N.A
fc’= 28 days cylinder strength
εc = Strain in concrete any load level
εcu = Ultimate concrete strain, 0.003
Saturday, January 30, 2010 12
Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Notation (contd…)
fy = Yield strength of concrete
fs = Steel stress at a particular load level
εs = strain in steel at a particular level, εs = fs/Es
εy = Yield strain in steel
Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel
Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete
ρ,Roh = Steel Ratio, ρ = As/Ac = As/(bxd)
T = Resultant tensile force
C = Resultant compressive force