Captulo 18
Estimacin de valores intermedios entre datos
definidos por puntos. El mtodo ms comn es:
f ( x) a0 a1 x a2 x 2 an x n
Captulo 18
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Figura 18.1
Captulo 18
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f1 ( x) f ( x0 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x0 )
x x0
x1 x0
una
aproximacin en
diferencia
dividida finita a
la 1a derivada
f ( x1 ) f ( x0 )
f1 ( x) f ( x0 )
( x x0 ) Frmula de
x1 x0
interpolacin lineal
f1(x) representa un polinomio de interpolacin de primer
orden.
Captulo 18
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Figura
18.2
Captulo 18
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Interpolacin Cuadrtica/
Si se tienen tres puntos como datos, la estimacin
puede mejorarse al introducir algo de curvatura en la
lnea que conecta dichos puntos.
f 2 ( x) b0 b1 ( x x0 ) b2 ( x x0 )( x x1 )
b0 f ( x0 )
x x1
f ( x1 ) f ( x0 )
b1
x x0
x x2
f ( x2 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x0 )
x2 x1
x1 x0
b2
x2 x0
5
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
bn f [ xn , xn 1 , , x1 , x0 ]
f [ xi , x j ]
f ( xi ) f ( x j )
f [ xi , x j , xk ]
xi x j
f [ xi , x j ] f [ x j , xk ]
xi xk
f [ xn , xn 1 , , x1 , x0 ]
Las funciones
evaluadas en
corchetes son
diferencias divididas
finitas
f [ xn , xn 1 , , x1 ] f [ xn 1 , xn 2 , , x0 ]
Chapter 18
xn x0
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
f
( )
Rn
( x x0 )( x x1 ) ( x xn )
(n 1)!
( n 1)
Rn f [ xn 1 , xn , xn 1 , , x0 ]( x x0 )( x x1 ) ( x xn )
by Lale Yurttas, Texas A&M
University
Chapter 18
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Polinomios de Interpolacin de
Lagrange
El polinomio de interpolacin de Lagrange es
simplemente una modificacin al polinomio de
Newton que evita el clculo de diferencias
divididas:
n
f n ( x) Li ( x) f ( xi )
i 0
n
Li ( x)
j 0
j i
x xj
xi x j
Captulo 18
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
x x0
x x1
f1 ( x )
f ( x0 )
f ( x1 )
x0 x1
x1 x0
x x0 x x2
x x1 x x2
f 2 ( x)
f ( x0 )
x0 x1 x0 x 2
x1 x0 x1 x 2
x x0 x x1
f ( x2 )
x2 x0 x2 x1
f ( x1 )
Rn f [ x, xn , xn 1 , , x0 ] ( x xi )
i 0
Chapter 18
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Figura 18.10
Tercer trmino
Sumatoria
de los tres
trminos
Primer trmino
Segundo trmino
Captulo 18
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10
f ( x) a0 a1 x a2 x a x x
2
Captulo 18
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11
f ( x0 ) a0 a1 x0 a x a x
2
2 0
n
n 0
f ( x1 ) a0 a1 x1 a x a x
2
2 1
n
n 1
f ( xn ) a0 a1 xn a x a x
2
2 n
n
n n
Captulo 18
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
12
Figura 18.13
Interpolacin
Extrapolacin
Curva
real
Extrapolacin
del polinomio
de interpolacin
Captulo 18
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13
Captulo 18
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14
Figura 18.14
Captulo 18
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15
Figura 18.15
Captulo 18
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
16
Figura 18.16
Trazador de
primer orden
Trazador de
segundo orden
Trazador
cbico
Interpolacin
cbica
Captulo 18
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
17
Figura 18.17
Intervalo 1
Intervalo 2
Intervalo 3
Captulo 18
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18