MM222

Strength of Materials
Lecture 04
Spring 2015

Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Research Associate
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, GIK Institute
Contact: Office G13, Faculty Lobby
raza@giki.edu.pk, hkabeerraza@gmail.com, 03344025392

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Revision Last Week

CLOs
Course contents
Grading policy
Books
Basic concepts

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

CLOs
CLO-1: Demonstrate the fundamental concepts of stress and strain
and strain-stress equations in order to solve problems for simple
three-dimensional elastic solids. [PLO1]
CLO-2: Analyze the problems relating to torsional deformation of
bars and other simple tri-dimensional structures.[PLO2]
CLO-3: Solve problems relating to pure and non-uniform bending of
beams, columns and other simple structures.[PLO2]
CLO-4: Evaluate the stresses from the strain energies data in elastic
solids.[PLO2]

PLO: Program Learning Outcome

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

PLOs
1. Engineering Knowledge
2. Problem Analysis
3. Design/Development of Solutions
4. Investigation
5. Modern Tool Usage
6. The Engineer and Society
7. Environment and Sustainability
8. Ethics
9. Individual and Team Work
10.Communication
11. Project Management
12.Lifelong Learning

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Books
Mechanics of Materials by Beer and Johnston, 6 th ed.
(Course textbook)
Mechanics of Materials by Vable, 2nd ed.
Strength of Materials and Structures by JOHN CASE,
4th Ed.
Mechanics of Solid Materials by J. Lemaitre and J. L.
Chaboche
Mechanical Metallurgy by George E. Dieter, SI Metric
Ed.
Applied Mechanics of Solids by Allan F. Bower
(available online at
http://solidmechanics.org/contents.htm)

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Basic Concepts

Engineering and True stress and strains

Normal and Shear stresses
Stress tensor (9 components)
Sign conventions
Conditions of equilibrium
Free body diagram
Hookes Law
Generalized Hookes Law

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Hookes Law
For spring
Extension in spring is proportional to the
applied force
Spring constant

For elastic solids

Stress is proportional to strain
Elastic modulii (E and G)
Normal and shear stress-strain relations
= E OR = G
Normal and shear strains

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Generalized form of Hookes Law

Poissons Effect: Elongation in axial direction
accompanies contraction in lateral (transverse)
directions
Poissons ratio
An example of uni-axial loading of tensile bar
x will have accompany one axial component
of strain x and two transverse components y
and z
or
Poissons ratio =

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Generalized form of Hookes Law

Assumption: applied normal stresses do not produce shear

strains on x, y or z planes while the applied shear stresses
do not produce normal stresses on the x, y or z planes
Total strains in x, y and z direction is found by
superposition of the components;
Shear strains are simple related to the applied shear
stresses. i.e.

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Elastic Constants
Summation of the equations of Hookes Law

Normal strain =
Shear strain =
Youngs Modulus = E
Poissons ratio = v
Shear modulus = modulus of rigidity = G
Hydrostatic stress
Volumetric strain =
Bulk modulus = the volumetric modulus
of elasticity =

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Relation b/w engineering and true

stress and strains

Considering constant volume:

From (1) and (2)