Introduction to

Psychology
Presentation on
Research
Topic: Smoking
By;
Syed Owais Ali (SP07-
BB-0135)
Nabeel Hussain (SP07-
BB-0124)
Raheel Khan (Sp07-
BB-0131)
 Research Overview
Smoking is a vast topic and it cover a series of
topics in it.
Our selection is to see the effect of smoking on
the personality.
The subjects are selected from common people
including age of 19-40.
Research is conducting on a small scale.
Method use in this research is a Survey
Method.
By this research we conclude that good
company creates good mind.
 Something about Smoking……
Tobacco was discovered by the Spanish sailors on
the American shores at about 1500 CE (900 AH).
As early as the Seventeenth Century, the
European countries realized the dangers of
smoking and fought against it Laws.
Nowadays, the Western countries continue their
attempts to protect their peoples from the harms
of smoking, by using media means, ordain laws
and regulations.
Definition;

Smoking refers to the action of lighting a

cigarette, a pipe, a cigar, a water pipe, or
any other object made from tobacco or
materials of similar effects.
The main ingredient of smoking is Smoke
which is inhaled into the chest and then
exhaled from the nose and mouth.
 Our Objective

Smoking is the single most important avoidable

cause of premature morbidity and mortality in
the world.
It is a major public health problem in Pakistan.
The objectives of this study is to assess
smoking status and its relationship to
personal characteristics.
How do people think about there smoking?
What they like or dislike?
Who is responsible for making smoking as a
hobby?
 Introduction

Smoking is a costly behavior, act as extra

financial burden.
In China, smokers in the Minhang district
spend 17% of their household income on
cigarettes (Gong et al, 1995).
In Karachi (Merchant et al, 1998), ex-
smokers reported spending 25% of the
total household income on this habit.
 Previous Researches

SMOKING AMONG ADULT MALES IN AN URBAN

COMMUNITY OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN
• Conducted research in the period of January and
February 2002.
• The majority of smokers (55%) began smoking
when younger than 25 years, smoked for more
than 5 years (53%), smoked more than
• 10 cigarettes a day (55%) and smoked in public
places (82%).
In conclusion, smoking is a major problem in
especially in younger age groups.
There is an urgent need for health promotion and
anti-tobacco education
 SMOKING ON THE RISE AMONG
SCHOOLGIRLS

• A research study is for a complete ban on tobacco

ads and strict enforcement of the anti-tobacco
health ordinance.
• The research study is conducted by Dr Javaid A.
Khan, Dr Suleman Haq and Dr Hammad Ganatra
of the Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Department of Aga Khan University.
• Under the survey, a sample of 644 girls attending
grades 8 to 12 in government and private schools
has been taken from Clifton, Gulshan-i-Iqbal and
the PECHS.
The study shows that 16.3 per cent students
smoked at least once in their life.
Research Method;

The method we use is a survey method.

In which first we did spiral study then we go
for the final study.

Subject;

We choose forty people of age group 19-40

years all are males.
Link with different occupation major part of
this group is of students.
From spiral study we find that people feel hesitation
while telling us about there smoking habit.
They don’t want to share how they start.
The major part is on there way of smoking that;
what they like ?
what makes difficult for them to leave
smoking ?
how they can avoid this habit ?
Then we keep all these things in our mind before
doing final study.
 Analysis and Result
For calculating the result we calculate the percentages;
In the group of forty people we found;

Began smoking when younger 55%/100%

Most of the persons taking cigarettes more 55%/100%
then ten per day
Intending to stop smoking in next 6 months 45%/100%
Confident of get rid of Smoking 20%/100%
According to them good things of Smoking are;

Relaxation 60%/100%
Helps to break up there working time 15%/100%
Cope up with stress 85%/100%
Enjoy it 95%/100%
Something to do with friends 100%/100%

According to them bad things of Smoking are;

 
Expensive 90%/100%
Bad for Health 95%/100%
Dependent on cigarettes 20%/100%
Make my clothes and mouth smell 10%/100%
Bad example for children 80%/100%
People around me dislike it 75%/100%
Makes me less fit 40%/100%
According to them the things that make difficult to stop smoking;
 
Enjoyment 95%/100%
Become to stressed 65%/100%
My partner or friends smoke 75%/100%
Don’t want to stop 30%/100%
Be bored 95%/100%
 
And if they;
 
Keep smoking then become ill in future 60%/100%
Stop smoking become healthier 65%/100%
Number of cigarettes you smoke are damaging 35%/100%
your health
 Discussion
The National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHS,P) (Pakistan
Medical Research Council, 1998), reported that 29% of males
(15 years and above) were smokers.
After that the published study from northern Pakistan (Shah et
al, 2001) showed the prevalence of smoking among adult
males as 44%.
In our study, 34% of respondents were current smokers, which
are higher than that documented in the NHS, P.
We are saying this because according to our research they
smoke 10 or more cigarettes in a day that shows the yare
strongly indulge in this habit.
 Continueee…..
A possible reason might be that there has been an
ongoing rise in smoking prevalence in developing
countries (WHO, 1997; 1999), including Pakistan,
since the NHS, P was conducted in 1992.
In different parts of the world (Pakistan Medical
Research Council, 1998; Jarallah et al, 1999), the
highest prevalence of smoking is found among the
younger age groups and falls steadily in older
age.
The level of education has been associated with
smoking in a large number of studies (Narayan et
al, 1996; Merchant et al, 1998). In those studies,
an inverse relationship was seen between the level
of education and the prevalence of smoking.
The NHS,P(Pakistan Medical Research Council,1998)
reported that the majority of smokers belonged to
low-income groups.
Our study showed no significant association
between the different income groups. As we
emphasize on effects but for an idea people
invest in smoking because of there passion.
 Conclusion
On overall evaluation smoking is consider as a great
pleasure as it give relief from stress and also it
give the feeling of enjoyment.
People don’t want to leave smoking behind this
main reason is there gatherings and also they
start smoking with friends and colleagues.
We conclude that according to the people thinking
the good things for the smoking are few and they
also know the bad things for smoking but still
they feel it difficult to stop smoking.
 Suggestions
More research is required to explore the various
factors responsible for smoking among different
populations.
Intervention studies should be conducted to bring
change and to stop the causes for initiating,
continuing and quitting smoking.
The most effective methods for antismoking programs
should be explored.
Prohibition of cigarette sales to youngsters,
prohibition of smoking in public places, and a ban
on smoking advertisements are important steps in
this regard.