Creep & Spheroidisasi

Albet Ahmad

Creep & spheroidisasi

RLA memakai klasifikasi Wedel & Neubaeur serta Toft & Mardsen
unutk prediksi sisa umur.
Pendekatan Wedel dan Neubauer (Creep Cavitations) melihat ada
tidaknya creep.

Pendekatan Toft & Mardsen (Spheroidization of pearlite & Carbide

particles) melihat ada tidaknya spheroidisasi

Apa itu creep?

Materials are often placed in service at elevated temperatures and
exposed to static mechanical stresses (e.g., turbine rotors in jet
engines and steam generators that experience centrifugal stresses,
and high-pressure steam lines). Deformation under such
circumstances is termed creep.... It is observed in all materials
types; for metals it becomes important only for temperatures
greater than about 0,4Tm ( Tm = absolute melting temperature).
Callister: Materials Science and Engineering 7th edition, page 238

creep is not too important with most ferrous metals unless the
operating temperature is above 800 oF (426 oC). Kenneth G.
Engineering materials properties and selection 5th editon.
Page 41
the dislocation creep mechanism is operative at intermediate
and high stress and at temperatures above 0.4 of the melting
point and is the only mechanism of significancefor most
enginnering materials and applications. R. Viswanathan,
Damage Mechanism and life assesment of high temperature
components, Page 62

Apa itu creep?

Stress produced at elevated temperature produces a condition of

continuous strain called creep. By definition, creep is deformation as
a function of time at constant load or stress. Creep, after a period of
time, may terminate in stress-rupture fracture, also known as creep
rupture. ASM Metals Handbook Vol 11: Failure Analyse & Prevention
Creep is time-dependent strain, which can cause failures when a
component operating at high temperatures under steady load is so
deformed or distorted that it can no longer perform its intended
function. terminate in stress-rupture fracture, also known as creep
rupture. ASM Metals Handbook Vol 11: Failure Analyse & Prevention
page 621

Apa itu spheroidisasi?

If a steel alloy having either pearlitic or bainitic microstructures

is heated to, and left at, a temperature below the eutectoid for a
sufficiently long period of timefor example, at about 700 o
C( 1300 F)) for between 18 and 24 hyet another
microstructure will form. It is called spheroidite (Figure 10.19).
Callister : Materials Science and Engineering 7th edition, page
330.
Alloys containing pearlitic
microstructures have greater strength
and hardness
than do those with spheroidite.
Calister page 341

Photomicrograph of a steel having a spheroidite microstructure. The small particles are cementite; the
continuous
phase is ferrite. (Copyright 1971 by United States Steel Corporation.)

A photomicrograph of a pearlitic steel that has partially transformed to spheroidite. 2000. Calister
Materials Science and Engineering 7th edition, page 311.

0 % C (500X)

1,4 % C
(1000X)

0.8 % C
0.38 % C
(635X)

Apa itu spheroidisasi?

Struktur mikro baja karbon: ferrit (terang) dan pearlite (gelap)

Photomicrographs of (a) pearlite

Damage mechanisms and life assessment of high-temperature components by

Viswanathan