OME201101 GSM BTS312 Hardware

Structure ISSUE3.0

Wireless Training Department

Objectives

Upon

completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the functions and features of BTS

Master the BTS hardware structure

Master the signal processing of BTS

Contents

Part 1: Overview
Part 2: System Components
Part 3: Signal Processing
Part 4: Antenna and Feeder System

General Introduction to BTS312

Part1: Overview

Features and Functions

Um interface

PSTN
ISDN
PSPDN

TUP, ISUP

M900/M1800 BSC
MS

Other MSC/VLR

M900 BTS
A interface

M900/M1800 MSC/VLR
MAP
MAP

X.25/ LAN
M1800 BTS

X.25/ LAN

M900 BTS
HLR/AUC/EIR

MS
M900 BTS

MSC: Mobile Switching Center

HLR: Home Location Register
AUC: AUthentication Center
VLR: Visitor Location Register

OMC

SMC&VM

BSC: Base Station Controller SMC: Short Message Center

BTS: Base Transceiver Station VM: Voice Mailbox
MS: Mobile Station
OMC: Operation/Maintenance Center
EIR: Equipment Identify Register

Features and Functions

High integration and low power consumption

15 radio carriers at the Abis sharing an E1 for
transmission (15:1)
Integrating optical transmission equipment,
implementing optical fiber to BTS
Supporting the configuration of up to S24/24/24
and facilitating expansion
1-minute fast startup

Features and Functions

Supporting GSM900,DCS1800,EGSM,RGSM
GSM PHASE I/PHASE II and GPRS
Supporting short message cell broadcast
and point to point short message
Supporting baseband hopping
and RF hopping
Supporting the EFR and DTX
Supporting A5/0, A5/1 and A5/2 encryption
Supporting half rate

BTS312 Cabinet and Boards

BTS312 Cabinet and Boards:

TDU

SWITCH BOX

CDU: combiner & divider unit

FAN BOX
C

TRX: transceiver module

PMU: power monitoring unit
TMU: Timing/Transmission &

AIR BOX

CDU

Management Unit
TRX

TES: transmission extension

FAN BOX

air/fan

power supply unit

TTT TT

MM E E E

U U

UU S U U

AIR BOX

PSU: power supply unit

TEU: transmission extension unit

TDU: time distribution unit
Common
equipment

Power Supply
Three modes for BTS312 power supply:
220VAC Used for the AC power supply cabinet, with
the AC/DC module and batteries attached;

-48VDC

Used for the DC power supply cabinet with

the DC/DC module and no battery;

+24VDC Used for the DC power supply cabinet, with no

AC/DC module or DC/DC module, nor any battery.

Power Supply System

220VAC IN

-48VDC IN

Anti-lightning
Power
distribution

+24VDC IN

EMI
filter
EMI
filter

Monitoring
unit PMU

Load

AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module

AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module

EMI
filter

AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module

26VDC OUT

DC contacter

Battery group

AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module

Fuse

PMU
PMU (Power Monitoring Unit) structure
AC power supply

AC/DC

Fan

AC/DC

AC/DC

Power monitoring
unit PMU

AC/DC

Fuse
Battery

Load

PSU Configuration
The configuration of PMU:
mode

capacity (TRX) boards (PSU) boards (PMU)

24VDC

1~12

48VDC

1~3

4~6

7~9

10~12

1~3

4~6

7~9

10~12

220VAC

notes
One PSU
for backup.

FMU
Fan Monitoring Unit (FMU)

Providing fan feed

Fan rotation
speed control
Alarm detection
Interfaces

24V power supply input

interface
Fan box power supply
input interface
Fan fault alarm detection

Key Components in the System

Part2:
System Components

Hardware Structure of BTS312

DATA BUS/CONTROL_BUS/TIMING_BUS
External External
control alarm
E1

TMU

TRX

TRX

CDU

To antenna

CDU

To antenna

FH_BUS

Opt. fiber
xDSL TEU

PSU

TES

TRX

CDU

To antenna

PMU
Common unit

TRX unit

Antenna feeder unit

TMU
External synchronous clock

BSC

BIU

MMI manmachine
interface
External
Alarming
control

Extended BIU
DBUS Internal data bus

OMU

EAC

MCK

CBUS Internal control bus

TDU

Internal
clock bus

Function:
Timing
Transmission

Standby MCK

Management

Panel of TMU

Indictors on TMU
Indicator
Name

Color

Meaning

PWR

Green

Power

RUN

Green

Running State

LI1,2,3,4

M/S

Green

Green

E1
Transmission

Explanation
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal
Flash(0.5Hz): Normal
On or Off: Abnormal

Normal State

On

Flash

On: Local Alarm

Flash: Remote Alarm

Off

Off: Normal

Master/Slave

Slow flash(1HZ): Master

Master Board: Slow flash

indication

Quick flash(2Hz): Slave

Slave Board: Quick flash

On: Free oscillation

Phase
PLL

Green

identification
indicator

Quick flash(4Hz):
Catching
Slow flash(1Hz): Locked
Off: Abnormal

Slow flash

TRX Module Structure

FH_BUS

DBUS

TDP
SCP

DSP

PAU

CUI
RCU

TIMING_BUS
Clock processing part
RPU
TBPU

send Main
receiver
Diversity
receiver

Functions of TRX
Baseband
Um

speech processing

and Abis interface signaling processing

Modulation
RF

and demodulation

signal amplification

Functions of TRX
Power amplifier unit (PAU) (output 46dBm/APC)

Over standing wave alarm:

Over-temperature alarm:

Panel of TRX

Indicators on TRX
Indicator Name

Color

PWR

Green

RCP

Green

RDP

Green

FAIL

Red

Meaning
Power

Explanation
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal

SCP Running

Flash(0.5Hz): Normal

State

On or Off: Abnormal

DSP Running

Flash(0.5Hz): Normal

State

On or Off: Abnormal

Alarm

On: Alarm

Indicator

Off: No alarm

Normal State
On

Flash

Flash

Off

TDU
Function:Time
Distributing Unit

Providing clock channels

in one synchronous cell
Transferring the E1 signals
in the local cabinet
Providing alarming channels
Bus connection

Position of TDU in the Rack

BUS Topology
TBUS
CBUS1

TMU0

TRX0

CDU
0-11

TMU0

TMU1

...

PMU
0-1

TMU0

CBUS2

CBUS2

CBUS2

DBUS12

DBUS12

DBUS12

TRX0

TRX23

TES

Basic Cabinet Group

...

TRX23

TRX0

...

TRX23

FHBUS

FHBUS

FHBUS

CBUS3

CBUS3

CBUS3

Alarm
Box

CDU
0-11

PMU
0-1

Extension Cabinet Group

CDU
0-11

PMU
0-1

Extension Cabinet Group

Cabinet-top Connectors

(1) Data bus interface

(DCF1)

(2) External alarm interface (EAC1

and EAC2)

(7) Data bus interface

(DCF2)

(8) 75 E1 interface (TX and RX)

(3) 120 E1 interface

(TME1)

(4) Built-in optical transmission E1

interface (TRA1, TRA2, TRB1,
and TRB2)

(9) External synchronous

clock interface (SYNC)

(10) Grounding cable interface for

combined cabinet (SHELLGND)

(6) Clock interface (CKB1 and

CKB2)

(11) External power cable

interface

(12) Feeder input interface (ANT)

(5) Storage battery

management signal
cable interface
(PWRC)

(13) Cascading interface of CDU combined cabinet (CDU)

Cabinet Group
Each

BTS312 cabinet can accommodate 12 carriers. When

the number of cell carriers is over 12, multiple cabinets need

to be equipped, classified as basic cabinet and

extension

cabinet. They form a cabinet group (or equipment group). One

group consists of 2 cabinets at most
One

set of BTS312 equipment group can contain two cabinets

(24 TRXs).
For

the maximum capacity site, there are three groups with 72

TRXs.

Cabinet Extension Cabling

Green

colored sockets installed with matching connectors for

resistance termination

CKB1 CKB2
DCF1

CKB1 CKB2
DCF2

Extension Cabinet

DCF1

Basic Cabinet

Basic Cabinet Group

CKB1 CKB2
DCF2

DCF1

CKB1 CKB2
DCF2

Basic Cabinet

DCF1

DCF2

Extension Cabinet

Extension Cabinet Group

System Operational Principle

Part3:
Signal Processing

Signal Type
Speech
Signaling

LAPD Signaling
OML
RSL

LAPDm Signaling

Clock

Speech Processing
BSC-TDU-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT-MS

External synchronous clock

BSC
MMI manmachine
interface
External
Alarming
control

DBUS

BIU

CBUS

OMU

FH_BUS

S
C
P

D
S
P

C
U
I

Clock process

EAC

MCK

TBPU

TDU
TBUS

Standby MCK

TDP

PAU
RCU

RPU

C
D
U

OML Processing
BSC-TDU-TMU-CBUS-TRX

External synchronous clock

BSC
MMI manmachine
interface
External
Alarming
control

(or PMU,CDU),

DBUS

BIU

CBUS

OMU

FH_BUS

S
C
P

D
S
P

C
U
I

Clock process

EAC

MCK

TBPU

TDU
TBUS

Standby MCK

TDP

PAU
RCU

RPU

RSL and LAPDm Signaling

BSC-TDU-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT-MS

External synchronous clock

BSC
MMI manmachine
interface
External
Alarming
control

DBUS

BIU

CBUS

OMU

FH_BUS

S
C
P

D
S
P

C
U
I

Clock process

EAC

MCK

TBPU

TDU
TBUS

Standby MCK

TDP

PAU
RCU

RPU

C
D
U

Clock Processing
BSC

(or External Clock) -TDU-TMU-TDU-TBUS-TRX

External synchronous clock

BSC
MMI manmachine
interface
External
Alarming
control

DBUS

BIU

CBUS

OMU

FH_BUS

S
C
P

D
S
P

C
U
I

Clock process

EAC

MCK

TBPU

TDU
TBUS

Standby MCK

TDP

PAU
RCU

RPU

TBUS Connection
Clock

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

bus connection in a synchronous cell

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

T T

U U

P S U

P S U

Basic
Extension

cabinet


cabinet

Basiccabinet
group

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

P S U

Basiccabinet

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

C
D
U

C
D
U

T T

X X

P S U

Extension

cabinet

Extension

cabinet
group

Antenna and Feeder System

Part4:
Antenna and
Feeder System

Antenna and Feeder System

CDU and Antenna System

Lightning
arrester
Lightning
arrester

Combiner & divider unit

Transceiver

TTA(optional
)

TTA(optional
)

Transceiving
antenna

Diverse
Receiving
antenna

CDU

TX1
TX2
TX-COMB
TX-DUP
RX1
RX2
RX3
RX4
HL-out
RX1
RX2
RX3
RX4
HL-in
RXD-out

Combiner

Coupler

TX/RX-ANT

Distributor

Distributor
RXD

Indicators on CDU
Indicator Name

Color

POWER

Green

VSWR1

Yellow

Meaning
Power

Red

Red

LNA

Red

Off: Abnormal
On: VSWR is greater than 1.5 and

wave ratio

less than 2.5

alarm

Off: Normal

wave ratio
alarm

TTA

On: Normal

Standing

Standing
VSWR2

Explanation

On: VSWR is greater than 2.5

Off: Normal

TTA current

On: TTA current out of range

indication

Off: Normal

LNA current

On: LNA current out of range

indication

Off: Normal

Normal State
On

Flash

Off

Off

Off

Alarm Test

Standing wave testing function:

When the tested standing wave exceeds the preset

threshold (1.5:1 or 2.5:1), CDU will give
corresponding alarms and indications.

Testing the internal amplifier and the tower amplifier,

CDU reports the alarms to TMU.

EDU
EDU

indicators are the same as those of CDU

TX1

RX1
RX2

TX/RX-ANT1

Coupler

TX/RX-ANT2

Distributor

TX1

RX3
RX4

Coupler

Distributor

SCU
Four

carriers are combined and output through 3dB bridges

and the plug loss is 6.8dB.

TX1
3dB
Bridge
TX2
3dB
Bridge

TX3
3dB
Bridge
TX4
Tx_Comb

Feeder
There

are several forms for the main feeder:

7/8 inch
CABLE LOSS=0.043dB/m

5/4 inch
CABLE LOSS=0.032dB/m

1/2-inch super-flexible jumpers

CABLE LOSS=0.11dB/m
Used between the antenna and the main feeder
Between the antenna and the booster
Between the cabinet and the lightning arrester

Antenna Technology

Antenna gain
Antenna Pattern
Polarization
Diversity technology

Antenna Gain
Antenna

gain indicates the antenna feature of radiating

electromagnetic waves in specific directions.

Normally,

the higher the gain, the stronger the far field

strength

A
B

Gain A > Gain B

Antenna Pattern
The

antenna pattern describes the radiating abilities of

antennas in all directions.

Refers

to the half-power angle in the horizontal plane.

360

Omni Antenna

120

90

Directional antenna

65

Polarization
Two

main types of polarization:

Vertical polarization

Horizontal polarization

The

types of antenna divided

by polarization:

Single polarization antenna

Vertical polarization for GSM
One port for one feeder

Bi-polarization antenna
+45 degree and -45 degree
Two ports for two feeders

Diversity Technology
Polarization diversity
Types of
diversity:

Save antenna
Space diversity
d>10 x wavelength

Frequency diversity
Frequency hopping

Lightning Arrester
Lightning

Arrester is used to prevent the equipment from

being damaged by the lightening current inducted by the core

line of the feeder.

CDU and Antenna System

Lightning
arrester
Lightning
arrester

Combiner & divider unit

Transceiver

TTA(optional
)

TTA(optional
)

Transceiving
antenna

Diverse
Receiving
antenna

TTA (Optional)
The
It

tower amplifier is installed next to the receiving antenna.

can be used to increase the receiving sensibility of the base

station.
consisting

of:

Triplex filter

Low noise amplifier