Disediakan oleh :

AMIR MOHAMED
CIAST, Shah Alam

 ANUNPLANNEDEVENTWHICH
RESULTSINUNACCEPTABLE
CONSEQUENCES

AN UNPLANNED AND
UNDESIREABLE EVENT WHICH
INTERRUPTS NORMAL ACTIVITY

ACCIDENT
PREVENTION
WORKING EASIER
Production
is higher

Takes less
time & costs
less money

Quality
is better

How to prevent accident from occur?

FROM THAT

Our company
Our profit
Our income
Our employee

if we omit/
exclusion

cause why

accident &
result

Higher cost
Lower profit

still stay/
maintain

Money spent for

accident is not
like money spent
for material or
wages. There is
no return on
money spent for
accident.

SOME RECENT INCIDENTS IN MALAYSIA

DATE

DISASTERS

CASUALTIES

31 July 1988

Collapse of Sultan Abdul Halim Jetty,

Butterworth, Penang.

2 dead; 1,674 injured

7 May 1991

Fire and explosion of Bright Sparklers

Fireworks Factory, Sg. Buloh, Selangor.

22 dead; 103 injured

5 April 1992

Fire at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah

International Airport, Subang.

3 dead

20 June 1992

Choon Hong 111 Ship, explosion and fire,

Port Klang, Selangor.

13 dead

11 Dec 1993

Collapse of Highland Towers

Condominium, Hulu Klang, Selangor.

52 dead

30 June 1995

Landslide, off Genting Highland Road,

Pahang.

20 dead; 22 injured

15 July 1996

Tourist Bus Accident, Ravine at Km 15,

Genting Highland, Pahang.

17 dead

29 Aug 1996

Mud Slide, Natives Resettlement Village,

Pos Dipang, Kg. Sahom, Kampar, Perak.

44 dead

24 Dec 1997

Fire and explosion, SMDS, Bintulu

Sarawak.

5 dead; property
damage

OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS AND DEATHS

IN MALAYSIA (1988 1997)
ALL INDUSTRIES
YEAR

ACCIDENTS

CONSTRUCTION
ACCIDENTS

TOTAL

PER
1000

DEATHS

1988

88,127

1.5

1989

107,479

1990

DEATHS

TOTAL

PER
1000

802

2816

7.9

1.7

869

3187

8.2

121,104

1.9

731

2631

6.2

1991

124,898

1.8

830

3854

8.3

1992

124,503

1.9

778

4154

8.2

1993

133,293

1.8

653

4007

8.0

11

1994

122,688

1.6

644

4311

7.6

44

1995

114,134

1.5

952

4406

6.9

76

1996

108,418

1.3

5401

7.4

80

1997

89,047

1.0

3646

4.7

136

MAIN CAUSES OF FATAL ACCIDENTS 1997

(AS REPORTED IN SELANGOR/WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN)
CAUSE OF FATALITIES

BY INDUSTRY
CONSTRUCTION

MANUFACTURING

OTHERS

TOTAL

Fall or persons.

52

56

Struck by falling/flying
objects.

22

Knocked by moving
objects.

11

Caught in between
moving objects.

Cave-ins & slides.

Fire

Electrocution

Others

Total

92

24

Struck by lightning.
Overcome by toxic
gas.

12

113

Every five working days two workers die from work accidents.
Each day 134 others are injured and need more than one week off work.
These figure are for industrial accident. Hidden are the disabilities
caused by diseases and illness contracted through work.

FATALITY
LOST TIME
INJURIES
MINOR INJURIES/
PROPERTY DAMAGE
NEAR MISSES
UNSAFE ACTS/
CON/ENV

 Environmental conditions
Design of tools & equipment
Layout of workplace

However one constant factor

involved in every accident ?

DIRECTLY
INVOLVED

INDIRECTLY
INVOLVED

Fatigue
Stress
Taking shorts cut
Lack of experiance
Lack of training
Lack of concentration
Not wearing appropriate
PPE
Using incorrect tool
Not following work
practices

Fault with the

original design of a
piece of equipment.
Inappropriate
purchasing decisions.
Behaviour of fellow
individuals in the
workplace.

Can we eliminate
this factor ?

Safety awareness is all about understanding the

need to prevent avoidable accidents and there are
three compelling reasons why every organisation
and every individual MUST accept accident
prevention as vital element of all activity in the
workplace.

LEGAL

ECONOMIC
HUMANITARIAN

An accident can lead to a change of

lifestyle that can be for an individual
and often for a whole family.

Organisation face loss

absenteeism, higher accident compensation premium

Hidden cost of accidents

stopped production, spoilage of material, damage to
plant and equipment, replacement of staff, training &
re-training, re-tooling, re-designing

Refer to the Act

Workers, unions and employees dont

always agree on why accident happen.
Workers may say that the workplace is :
HAZARDOUS * UNSAFE * DANGEROUS * BADLY ORGANISED

THE WORKPLACE IS TO BLAME.

Employers sometimes say that the worker is :

CARELESS * RECKLESS * SILLY * ACCIDENT PRONE
* STUBBORN * INCONSIDERATE * IGNORANT

THE WORKER IS TO BLAME.

Some accidents may be due to human errors.

But the work environment must recognise that the workers
are human and sometimes make mistakes this must be
acknowledged during workplace design.
Employers can improve the workplace so that stress,
fatigue and poor working conditions do not
cause mistakes.

HAS BLAMING EACH OTHER SOLVED THE PROBLEM ?

NO, AS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ACCIDENT FIGURES

 Accidents dont just happen, theyre caused.

All accidents are avoidable.
Nearly all injuries and illnesses can be prevented.
Hazards has potential for damaging people, property
and environment.
Accident is unplanned
and uncontrolled event..

Fear
Loss

Death

Injury

IMMEDIATE
Damage

Pain

Disease

Medical Treatment
Low Morale
Discipline

SHORT
TERM

Increased Cost

Repair
Replacements

Lost Production

Profitability
Missed
Targets

Suffering
Disability

LONG
TERM

Lost
Income
Insurance
Mistrust
Compensation

Victim &
Dependents

Supervisor

COST TO THE

Nation

Firm
Section/Department

Suffering
Effect on
sport & hobbies
Continuing
disability

Lost of
earning
Extra
expences

Effect on family

Worry

Loss prestige

Recrimination

Report, extra work, training new staff

Morale

Capacity to
produce

Loss of earning
Loss in
paying in
legal action

Compensation
Penalty

Damage to
the equipment
and materials

Extra
Insurance
premium
Lost of client

Loss of
income in
a form of
income tax

Loss of
morale

 People at all organisational levels in involved.

Identifies individual and shared responsibilities.
Integrates safety with other functions and responsibilities.
Allocates appropriate priority and authority..
Creates co-ordinated effort..
Makes best use of skills and experience available.
Allocates or allows access to proper funding / resources.
Provides for follow up..
Gives constant attention to all safety
matters- monitoring all aspect..
Provides for regular consultation and communication.

FOR SUCCESS, EVERYONE

MUST RECOGNISE THAT :
Line management is
responsible for safety.
Safety is as
important as
production, quality
or profit.

Safety is a team
responsibility.
All accidents are
preventable.

Remote control
is possible..

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF A
SUPERVISOR OR SAFETY
OFFICERS IS TO:

SAFEGUARD
THE WORK METHOD
SAFEGUARD
THE WORK AREA

SAFEGUARD
THE WORKER

PREVENT
CONTROL

SPOT

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Passageways and exit.

Moving objects.
Storage and stacking.
Surfaces and edges.
Workarea cleanliness.

- Eliminate
- Guard

Inspect for unsafe

condition.
- Warn
- Report

6. Defective wiring and lighting.

7. Ventilation.
8. Floor, roof and walls.
9. Access to fire appliances.
10. Flammable and hazardous
substances.

T
H
E
D
A
N
G
E
R
I
N

PREVENT
CONTROL

SPOT

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

- Eliminate
- Guard

Make the method

safe.
- Warn
- Report

Poor maintenance.
Defective tools and materials.
Poor or untidy layout.
Handling materials.
Deficiencies in protective equipment.
Poor plan jobs.
Fire and disaster routine.

T
H
E
D
A
N
G
E
R
I
N

Train and
follow-up.

PREVENT
CONTROL

SPOT

- Eliminate
- Guard

1. Knowledge of safety rules.

2. Induction safety
programmes.
3. Personal attire.
4. Discipline.
5. Use of protective devices.

6.
7.
8.
9.

- Warn
- Report

Use of PPE.
Use of RPE.
Personal hygiene.
Method of doing work.

T
H
E
D
A
N
G
E
R
I
N

TRAINING IS A KEY FACTORS IN ACCIDENT PREVENTION

AND EFFECTIVE WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY.

A good, effective health and safety training programme:

Clearly states who will do the training.
Clearly states who is responsible for overseeing
the identification of training needs and the provision
of that training.
Provides for training of health and safety
representatives and all health and safety committee
members.
Provides for generalised health and safety training,
including hazards management.

- continue Provides for specific training related to

particular hazards in the workplace.
Covers everyone in the workplace from
senior management to new staff.
Looks at the risk situations for training requirements.
Provides for on-going refresher courses.
Stimulates interest in health and safety on the job.
Provides specialist training for specific tasks e.g.
first aid, emergency procedures, civil defence,
inspections and accident investigations

MALAYSIAN STANDARDS TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

Code of Practice For Safety & Health At Work
( Management Training )
Training for management should include explanation of :
1. The company safety and health policy.
2. Their responsibility and accountability.
3. Practices and procedures to ensure
responsibilities are met, particularly the importance
of senior mangements involvement in safety
matters.
4. Basic concepts and theories of accident prevention.
5. Legal obligations.

MALAYSIAN STANDARDS TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

Code of Practice For Safety & Health At Work
( Supervisor Training )
The aims and objectives in and enterprises occupational safety and
health policy cannot be achieved without effective personalized
supervision. Training of supervisors is ;
1. Explanation and supervision of work practices of employees
under their control.
2. Provision of effective communication between management and
workforce.
3. Interpretation of occupational safety and health legislation and
work instructions.

- continue 4. Instruction of new and transferred employees.

5. Continual instruction of all (old and new) employees whwn
the necessity arises.
6. On going monitoring of work practices to detect and correct
any dangerous acts and conditions in the workplace.
7. Reporting and correct investigation of all accidents, including
those not involving personal or property damage.

MALAYSIAN STANDARDS TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

Code of Practice For Safety & Health At Work
( Employee Training )
1. Workplace training.
2. Induction training.
3. Supervisors need to ensure that :
- Training of employees has been adequate and appropriate.
- Employees have the necessary skill for the job.
- Work methods are safe and are being observed
- Hazards are detected and eliminated.
- Particular attention is paid at times of change, e.g. new
employees, new or increased quantities of materials, new
methods or new machinery.