SPOTTING & WASHING

1.
2.
3.

Identification of stains characteristics

and history
Selection criteria of spotting chemicals
Factors for spotting

Washing Machines

Types: Automatic, Semi-automatic,

wringer style
Programmed cycles: Eg. Perma-press
FIBER

CYCLE
TIME

WATER
TEMP

AGITATIO
N & SPIN
SPEED

WOOL

1-3 MIN

110-120
DEG F

SLOW

COTTON &
LINEN

10-12 MIN

120-140
DEG F

NORMAL

MANUFACT
URED &
DURA
PRESS

5-7 MIN

110-120
DEG F

SLOW

LAUNDRY PROCEDURES

Sorting
Selecting washing time
Water temperature
Pre-treating spots & stains
Selecting laundry products
Pre- treatment for soil lines formed
around perma-press areas like
oncollars, cuffs

STAIN REMOVAL

Longer a stains stays on a garment ,

harder is it to remove the same.
Composition of the stained fabric.
Fabric Structure
Testing of the fabric for its
compatibility with the stain remover
Please look in to the hand out
provided to you that lists down a
number of stains and the remedy for
their removal

Drying

Time and temperature settings

Line drying or automatic dryer
Heat sensitive fabrics, natural rubber
elastics.caution---Read Care label
Durable press and synthetic fibre
fabrics to be removed immediately
after completion of drying cycle--why?

PRESSING

Checking temperature on an
inconspicuous part of the garment
Steam press or slightly damp
Dark colored fabrics of all fibres to be
pressed on the reverse side or over a
press cloth to avoid shine
Pressing of wool fabrics
Pressing of silk
Pressing of textured fabrics
What is a needle board used for pressing

Needle Board

A flat board consisting of a rigid top nap formed by short,

blunt wires imbedded upright in a base.

-To avoid crushing the pile or nap of the fabric which is

placed face down against the needle board during pressing or steaming.
-To prevent pile fabrics from matting and flattening.
-To prevent the impressions of a seam ridge from appearing on the face
or right side of pile fabrics when pressed.
-To press velvet, velveteen, corduroy, fleece, Ultrasuede,
fake fur, pile and napped fabrics

Commercial laundering

Sorting as per color, fiber content,

degree of soil etc.
Washing with detergents and added
alkali at 125 F to 165 F.
Chlorine bleaching at 160F, 3-5 mins
3-4 rinses
Acid sour and blueing
Starch addition

Why acid sour?

Neutralize, remove iron stains, destroy excess
bleach, kill bacteria
Use of acetic acid, Sodium bisulfite, Sodium
acid fluoride and oxalic acid
Laundering of white goods vis a vis, light
colored vis s vis dark colored goods
Commercial laundering of Wool and silk
garments-Neutral soaps and detergents used,
no added alkali, gentle agitation, acid sour

Dry Cleaning

Origin----1825
Agents: Benzene, per chloro ethylene
Reusing solvents
Checking for spots, stains
Wet cleaning is treating fabrics with
small amounts of water to remove
soil

Storage of Textile products

Longer wear may be effected if given

a chance to rest between uses
Folding items at different place and
not at the same crease line
Clean before storage
Attack of moth or fungi easier on
soiled fabrics, darkening of
spots/stains
Never to store with pins left in
garments

Storing historic costumes & textiles

Made of natural fibres

Should be stored away from light and in
acid-free conditions
Avoid use of plastic bags to avoid offgassing
Ideal: 70 deg F, 60% RH
Wool and silk garment not to be laundered
except by an expert historian
Loose dust removed by vacuum keeping
synthethic netting in between

Care Labeling

Labeling requirements
The dress that cant be cared for
Refer:
Federal Trade Commission Article-Self
Study

Scouring machines for woollen fabrics

may be used as washing machines

The DOLLY- a rope washing machine

Continuous Rope Washing

Open width Washing machine

Beneks

Continuous Washing RangeBeneks

Slack rope or tight rope washing

Open width washing machines----a
series of compartments fitted with a
squeezing device and a series of
guide rolls

Laboratory washing
Machine

Rope Opening Machine

Refer:
J T Marsh,
Tortora & Collier,
FTC link given in this ppt.

Chemicals used in souring

Acetic Acid

Sodium
bisulfite

Sodium
Acid
Fluoride

Oxalic Acid

Dry Cleaning