Technical Drawing CH 01

THEWORLDWIDE
GRAPHICLANGUAGE
FORDESIGN
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the role of drawings in the design
process.
2. Contrast concurrent versus traditional design
processes.
3. List five professions that use technical drawings.
4. Describe four creativity techniques.
5. Explain why standards are important.
6. Identify uses of the graphic language.
TechnicalDrawingwithEngineeringGraphics,14/e
Giesecke,Hill,Spencer,Dygdon,Novak,Lockhart,Goodman
2012,2009,2003,PearsonHigherEducation,
UpperSaddleRiver,NJ07458.AllRightsReserved.
UNDERSTANDINGTHE
ROLEOFTECHNICALDRAWINGS
Technical drawings serve one of three
purposes:
Visualization
Communication
Documentation
(Courtesy of Seymourpowell.)
(Courtesy of Woods Power-Grip Co., Inc.)

(Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.)
Concept Sketches
Exploring many design
options through quick
sketches
(Courtesy of Lunar Design.)
TheStagesoftheDesignProcess
1. Problem identification: First, a clear
statement of
the need for and objectives for the design
must
be written.
2. Ideation: Technical sketches are often used
to
convey concepts to multidisciplinary
teams.
3. Refinement/analysis: Designs may be
rethought,
based on engineering analysis. CAD
models and
sketches are useful during the analysis and
compromise stage. Accurate 2D or 3D CAD
models and drawings are created to refine
the
design.
4.
Implementation/documentation:
Production
ConcurrentEngineering
Traditionally, design and manufacturing activities have taken place in
sequential order rather than concurrently (simultaneously). This
step-by-step approach seems logical, but in practice it has been found to
be wasteful.
Concurrent engineering
is a systematic approach that
integrates the design and
manufacture of products with the
goal of optimizing all elements
involved in the life cycle of the
product.
The Concurrent Process

Lifecycledesign
Life cycle design means that all
aspects of a product (such as
design, development, production,
distribution, use, and its ultimate
disposal and recycling) are
considered simultaneously.
The basic goals of concurrent

engineering are to minimize
product design and engineering
changes and to reduce the time
and cost involved in taking a
product from design concept
through production and ultimately
to introduction into the
marketplace.
ComputerAidedDesign
andProductDevelopment
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer Aided Engineering
(CAE)
Computer Aided Manufacturing
(CAM)
CAD allows for a range of activities,
from modeling 2D and 3D geometry
to creating drawings that document
the design for manufacturing and
legal considerations.
CAE allows users to simulate and analyze
structures that will be subject to various
temperatures, static loads, or fluctuating loads.
CAM provides computerized control for manufacturing processes.
TheDigitalDatabase
All the information to manage, design, analyze, simulate, package, market, and
manufacture a product can be shared with a diverse group of users through a single
complex digital database.
(Courtesy of Parametric Technology Corporation)

DesigningQualityintoProducts
DFSS Design for Six Sigma is an approach that uses
engineering and statistical tools to design products in a way
that predicts and minimizes customer and manufacturing
problems.
Six Sigma is a process originated at Motorola to improve
quality by reducing or eliminating defects.
DMAIC Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control
are steps defined in a continuous improvement process that
attempts to define and ensure critical to function (CTF)
characteristics.
QFD Quality Function Deployment is a tool for decision
making that helps companies focus on a customer-driven
approach and set of product characteristics.
10
ENGINEERINGDESIGNSTAGE1
Identify the Customer and the
Problem
The engineering design process

begins with recognizing or
identifying these needs and
considering the economic
feasibility of fulfilling them.
A successful design must not only
solve the problem but also meet
the needs and wishes of the
customer.
(Project developed and created by Philips
Design.)
11
Generate Concepts
During this stage, often called the ideation stage, many ideas
reasonable and otherwiseare collected.
The ability to freely create
technical sketches lets you
present and share ideas
and record them so you
can refer to solutions,
inspirations, and
breakthroughs that come
to light during this creative
stage of the process.
12
Compromise Solutions
The design team
selects various
features of the
concepts generated in
the
ideation stage and
combines them into
one or more
promising
compromise solutions.
2D CAD Drawing. (Courtesy of
Seymourpowell.)
Many of these problems are solved graphically, using schematic drawings in

which various parts are shown in skeleton form. For example, pulleys and
gears are represented by circles, an arm by a single line, and a path of
motion by centerlines
13
Models and Prototypes
Design teams often
construct a model to
scale to study,
analyze,
and refine a design.
3D CAD Model of the SAAR Brake. (Courtesy

of Dynojet Research, Inc.)
3D CAD Model. This 3D CAD model of a design for the Mars rover was
constructed to act as a virtual prototype for the design. (Courtesy of
Byron Johns.)
14
RapidPrototyping
Rapid prototyping systems allow designers to generate
parts quickly, directly from 3D models, for mockup and
testing.
Rapid Prototyping. The ZPrinter 450 from Zcorp

printed the colored part shown in about four hours.
(Courtesy of Z Corporation.)
15
Production or Working
Drawings
The drawings, showing
the necessary views,
include the material,
dimensions, required
tolerances, notes, and
other information
needed to describe
each part sufficiently
for it to be
manufactured
consistently. These
drawings of the
individual parts are also
known as detail
drawings.
Detail Drawing for the SAAR Brake Air Can Mounting
Bracket.
(Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.)
16
AssemblyDrawings
An assembly drawing, shows how all the parts go
together in the complete product.
Assembly Drawing for the SAAR Brake. (Courtesy of Dynojet Research, Inc.)
17
DRAFTINGSTANDARDS
There are standards that support a uniform, effective graphic
language for use in industry, manufacturing, engineering, and
science.
In the United States, providing
these standards has been the work of
the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) with the American
Society for Engineering Education
(ASEE), the Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE), and the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME).
International standards, often
defined by the International
Organization for Standardization
(IOS), and the ASME or ANSI standards
for drawing practices are similar in
many respects.
18
CREATIVITYTECHNIQUES
How do you develop new ideas?
Examine Manufactured
Products
Study the Natural World
Research Patent Drawings
Watch the Web
Design Groups
The following websites are useful for

engineering design:
http://www.yahoo.com/headlines/ Yahoos site for the
latest technology news and a one-week archive
http://www.techweb.com/TechWeb site from CMP
media
http://www.uspto.gov/ U.S. Patent Office on-line
search
site
19
PRODUCTDEFINITION
Productdefinitionreferstothecollectionofdigitalorhardcopydocuments
thatspecifythephysicalandfunctionalrequirementsforaproduct.
20
SHOWINGTHEDESIGNPROCESSINA
PORTFOLIO
A portfolio is a
representative
sample of work
that helps
communicate
your skills and
talents, usually
to a prospective
employer or
client.
(Courtesy of John Mountz.)

21

Technical Drawing CH 01

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Technical Drawing CH 01

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

THEWORLDWIDE

(Courtesy of Woods Power-Grip Co., Inc.)

The Concurrent Process

The basic goals of concurrent

(Courtesy of Parametric Technology Corporation)

The engineering design process

Many of these problems are solved graphically, using schematic drawings in

3D CAD Model of the SAAR Brake. (Courtesy

Rapid Prototyping. The ZPrinter 450 from Zcorp

The following websites are useful for

(Courtesy of John Mountz.)

Anda mungkin juga menyukai