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ALLEN SAM PARAYIL

CLASS XII B
OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

OBJECTIVE :
To make soap from fats(coconut oil,
olive oil, butter) and Naoh solution.

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

SOAPS : WHY DO WE NEED IT?

It all begins with water.
Why wont water just wash away dirt?
Water molecules are made up of one
oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
The hydrogen atoms are on one side of
the molecule and the oxygen atom on the
other.

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

The positively charged hydrogen end of

each water molecule is attracted
electrically to the negatively charged
end of other nearby water molecules.
This
attraction
causes
countless
temporary
bonds
between
water
molecules, which are what makes water
stick together.

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

Dirt is usually associated with oil, and water

is simply not attracted to oily things because
they have no electrical charge. Soap changes
all this, when you add soap to water. The
head end gets attracted to water and
repelled by oil, the tail end gets attracted to
oil and repelled by water.

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

MATERIALS REQUIRED
Items available at the lab:
1) Naoh (powdered)
2) Diluted water
3) Couple of spoons
4) Couple of beakers
5) 1 cold water bath
6) 2 thermometers

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

Items to be bought at home:

The fats
1)Olive oil
2)Coconut oil
3)Butter

100 Gms each

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

PREPARATION OF SOAP
Procedure :
1)Weigh about 100 g of coconut oil , butter and
olive oil each .
2)Dump the contents of all the containers in a large
beaker.
3)Mix the contents thoroughly. The butter should be
mixed properly.
4)Weigh the calculated amount of Naoh . In this
case take about 39g of Naoh.

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

5)For about 39g of water. Take double the

amount of water. In this case about 78g.
6)The powdered Naoh should be added to
water , without splashing the solution.
7)The above step should be prepared with
constant stirring.
8)The temp of this solution is subject to rise.

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

Measuring the temperature:

1)The fat mixture , after mixing thoroughly,
Should be heated to a temperature of 56
degree Celsius.
2)Simultaneously Naoh solution should be cooled
by pouring the solution a cold water bath.

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

3)Once both the mixtures attain the mentioned

temperatures , the Naoh solution should be
poured into the fat mixture.
4) Once this is done the solution should be
mixed thoroughly for 50-60 minutes.

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

Preparation of base:
1)The plastic wrap should be laid over
the base without any air bubbles .
2)The base should be prepared by the
time the solution becomes thick.

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA

Concluding the experiment:

1)After mixing the mixture for about an hour the
mixture should be spread on to the base carefully.
2)The prepared substance should be kept closed for two
weeks to solidify.
3)After solidification , it should be cut into pieces for
use.

OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, AL WARQAA