DNA FORENSIC ANALYSIS

Dr.dr.Ahmad Yudianto,SpF.,SH.,M.Kes
Forensic Science Programme Study
School of Postgraduad, Airlangga University
2013

Cell Biology

Human DNA
c-DNA :

nuclear DNA
mt-DNA : mitochondrial DNA

HumanChromosome
chromatide1

2x22Chromosome+
XX(female)orXY(male)

DNA basics
DNA is

a molecule located in the

nucleus of a cell
Every cell in an organism contains
the same DNA
Characteristics of DNA varies
between individuals within a
species and between species

DNA is contained in chromosomes

Chromosomes contain DNA and
associated proteins (which allow the
DNA to condense/wind up tightly)

What is a chromosome?
Tightly packed
DNA wrapped
around histone
proteins

DNA Structure

Chromosomes, DNA, genes, and nucleotides

Chromosomes contain DNA

Genes are sequences of DNA
nucleotides

gene
gene

Genes are located on

chromosomes
Chromosomal regions in
between genes contain
variable nucleotide
sequences

gene

Forensic DNA analysis seeks

nucleotide variation in DNA
Point

mutations from errors in DNA

replication
RFLP

(Restriction Fragment Length

Polymorphism) analysis

Variable
STR

number tandem repeats (VNTRs)

(Short tandem repeat) analysis

VNTR
VNTR

variable number tandem repeat

STRs (Short Tandem Repeats)

STRs

are short VNTRs

STRs
Repeats

of 3-7 nucleotides

5-20

repeats
5-20 alleles per STR
PCR

amplifies fragments ~200-500

nucleotides in length

Analysis STRs

CODIS Combined DNA Index System

13

standard STRs

Available

commercially

Each

STR has a specific frequency within

a population
Multiple

STRs used to unambiguously identify

a person

Sample collection
What

kind of sample ?
blood, muscle, teeth, urine,

Blood
Teeth
Sperm
Hair
Urine
Bone
Muscle

STAGE OF c-DNA ANALYSIS

SampleCollection

Isolation
DNA

PCR

Analysis

Conclusion

Polymerase Chain Reaction

(PCR)

PCR Animation

Electrophoresis-PCR

STR

database

Analyzing STRs
Capillary

electrophoresis

SEX DETERMINANT
Amelogenin
Location

gene (pulpa tooth)

in X and Y chromosome

Mitochondria DNA

Maternal Inheritance

STAGE OF mtDNA ANALYSIS

Sample
Collection

Isolation
DNA

PCR

sequence

Analysis

Conclusion

SEQUENCE DNA

AB 310 Genetic Analyzer

Homology
CRSGTATTTCGTACATTACTGCCAGCCACCATGAATATTGTACGGTACCATAAATACTTGACCACC
F5GTATTTCGTACATTACTGCCAGCCACCATGAATATTGCACGGTACCATAAATACTTGACCACC

CRSGTATTTCGTACATTACTGCCAGCCACCATGAATATTGTACGGTACCATAAATACTTGACCACC
F5 .....................................C.........................

GTATCTCGTACATTACTGCCAGCCACCATGAATATTGTACGGTACCATAAATACTTGACCACCTGTAGTACATAAAAACCCAA
TCCACATCAAAACCCCCTCCCCATGCTTACAAGCAAGTACAGCAATCAACCCCCAACTATCACACATCAACTGCAACTCCAAA
GCCACCCCTCACCCACTAGGATACCAACAAACCTACCCACCCTTAACAGTACATAGCACATAAAACCATTTACCGTACATAGC
ACATTACAGTCAAATCCCTTCTCGTCCCCATGGATGACCCCCCTCAGATAGGGGTCCCTTG

ARIGATO GOZAIMASU