UNIVERSIDAD JUREZ AUTNOMA DE

TABASCO.
DIVISIN ACADMICA DE CIENCIAS DE LA
SALUD
ESTUDIO
ESTUDIO EN
EN LA
LA DUDA,
DUDA, ACCIN
ACCIN EN
EN LA
LA FE
FE

COURSE:
BASIC ENGLISH
SEMESTER/GRO
UP:
2ND. B
MEMBERS:

The Skeleton and The

Nervous System

ARIADNA MURO

GIGI ZAVALETA

ODALIER
ESCOBAR

CARLOS
SANDOVAL

Vocabulary

Skeleton

Bones

Appendicular

Axial

Skull

Ribs

Sternum

Vertebra

Fibula

Cranial Vault

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nerves

Vertebrae

Trunk

Knee

Ankle

Thigh

Neurons

Neural Tissue

Interstitial Fluid

Pathogens

Aid

Injury

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

Brain Stem

Cerebrum

The Skeleton

The human skeleton consists

of 206 bones and is divided
into the apendicular and axial
skeleton.

The axial skeleton consists

of the skull, ribs, sternum,
adn vertebra.

The appendicular consistsof

the
shoulder
bones,
humerus,
radius,
ulna,
pelvis, femur, fibula, tibia.

The Cranial Vault

The Cranial Vault consists of the eight bones that encase and protect the
brain: the parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, spheniod, and ethmoid
bones.

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base
of the skull called the foramen magnum.

The Cranial Vault

The Spine

The spine or vertebral column,

serves as a primary support structure
for the body and houses the spinal
cord and peripheral nerves. The
spine consists of 33 bones called
vertebrae, which support the weight
of the body, protect the spinal cord,
provide a site for the muscle
attachment, and permit movement of
the head and trunk.

The spine is divided into five

sections:
cervical,
thoracic,
lumbar, sacral, and coccyx.

The Arm

The Humerus is the bone of the arm.

The forearm extends from the elbow to

the wrist. Two bones, the radius and
ulna, make up the forearm.

The radius is the bone on the lateral

side of the forearm when the forearm is
in the anatomic position, and the ulna is
located on the little finger side.

The Hand

Beyond the wrist

are
the
metacarpal
bones,
which
form the hand.
Each finger is
composed of a
series of small
bones
called
phalanges.

The Pelvis

The pelvis, or pelvic girdle, is the

place of attachment of the lower
extremity to the body. It consists of
a ring of bones formed by the
sacrum posteriorly and the coxal,
or pelvic bones, on each side.

The Leg

At the distal end of the femur, the lateral

and medial condyles articulate with
proximal tibia at the knee.

The tibia is the longer and thicker of the

two bones and is situated on the anterior
surface of the leg.

The fibula is the second of the two leg

bones, is posterior to the tibiaand does not
articulate directly with the femur, but
rather with the tibia at the head.

The Nervous System

The nervous system is composed of specialized tissue that conducts electrical impulses
between the brain and the rest of the body.

Neural tissue contains two basic types of cells: Nerve cells, which are known as neurons and
contain projections called axons and dendrites that make connections between adjacent
cells, and neuroglia, which are supporting cells that have four basic funtions.

The Neuroglia

The neuroglia, provide

a supporting skeleon
for
neural
tissue,
isolate and protect the
cell membranes of
neurons, regulate he
composition
of
interstitial
fluid,
defend neural tissue
from pathogens, and
aid in the repair of
injury

The Central Nervous System

Consists of the brain and the spinal

cord, both of which are encased in
and protected by bone. The brain is
located within the cranial cavity and
contains billions of neurons that
serve a variety of vital functions.

The major regions of the adults

brain
are
the
cerebrum,
diencephalon
(thalamus
and
hypothalamus),
mesencephalon
(midbrain), pons, cerebellum, and
medulla oblongata.

The midbran, pons, and medulla are

referred to as the brain stem. The
largest portion of the brain is the
cerebal cortex or cerebrum.

The Central Nervous

System

The cerebrum is divided into right and left hemispheres.

Within each hemisphere are subdivisions known as lobes.

The Cranial Nerves

Twelve pairs of
cranial
nerves
arise from the
base
of
the
brain. All but
two pairs, the
olfactory nerves
and the optic
nerves, exit from
the brain stem.