CCNA 1 version 3.

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Networking Basics

Module One
Introduction to Networking

1.1
Connecting to the Internet

Module Objectives
The goal of this module is to learn and understand
the following items:
Internet Physical Connection
Computer Components
Install & troubleshoot network interface cards
Internet Connection Testing
Use of web browsers and plug-ins.

Number Systems

Connecting To Internet
Connection to the Internet can be broken down into
three main parts / categories: The Physical connection
The Logical connection
The Application

Physical Connection

A physical connection is made by connecting a

specialized expansion card such as a modem or a
Network Interface Card (NIC) from a computer
(PC) to a network.
The physical connection is used to transfer signals
between PCs within the local network and to remote
devices on the Internet.

Logical Connection
The logical connection uses standards called
protocols.
A protocol is a formal description of a set of
rules and conventions that govern how devices
on a network communicate.
Connections to the Internet may use multiple
protocols. The Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite is the
primary protocol used on the Internet. TCP/IP is a
suite of protocols that work together to transmit data.

Application
The application interprets the data and displays it on
screen, in an understandable form such as a web
page.
Applications work with protocols to send and receive
data across the Internet. A web browser displays
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) as a web
page.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to download

files and programs from the Internet.

PC Basics

Computers are important building blocks in a network, it

is important to be able to recognize and name the
major components of a PC.

Processor

Network Interface Card

Floppy Disk Drive

Motherboard
AGP & Expansion Slots

Network Interface Card

A network interface
card (NIC) is a printed
circuit board that provides

network communication
capabilities to and from a
personal computer.
The NIC communicates
with the network through a
serial connection and
with the computer through
a parallel connection.

Installing a NIC
The installation of a NIC, which provides the
interface for a host to the network, is required for
each device on the network.
Situations that require NIC
installation include the following:

Adding a NIC to a PC that does not already

have one

Replacing a bad or damaged NIC

Upgrading from a 10-Mbps NIC to a
10/100-Mbps NIC

High Speed & Dialup Connectivity

The connection to and use of the internet has increased
dramatically since the 1970s.
Below is a brief overview of improvements made to
connection speed due to this demand.

TCP / IP
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

A set of protocols or rules developed to allow

cooperating computers to share resources
across a network.
To enable TCP/IP on the workstation, it must be
configured using the operating system tools.
The process is very similar whether using a
Windows or Mac operating system.

Ping

Ping is a utility used to verify network connectivity. It

is named after the sonar operation used to locate and
determine the distance to an underwater object.
The ping command is used to test the NIC
transmit/receive function, the TCP/IP configuration,
and network connectivity.
Ping
ping
127.0.0.1

IP address of
local host

Ping

Ping
IP address of
destination host

default-gateway
IP address

Web Browsers Plug-ins

A web browser performs the following functions:
Contacts a web server
Requests information
Receives information
Displays the results on the screen
Netscape
Internet Explorer (IE)
-same jobs
- not be supported by all web pages

Web Browsers Plug-ins

Plug-ins:
Optional additions that allow additional features
to be viewed on a web page.
Flash Player / Shockwave Player
Adobe Acrobat Reader
Windows Media Player

Quicktime
Real Player

Troubleshooting
When performing any form of troubleshooting the
recommended guideline below is to be followed :
1 - Define the Problem
2 - Gather the Facts
3 - Consider the Possibilities
4 - Create an Action Plan
5 - Implement the Plan
6 - Observe the Results
7 -Document the Results

8 - Introduce Problems and Troubleshoot

Summary
1. Internet connection requirements
Physical
Logical
Application
2. PC Basics
Building Blocks
3. Network Interface Cards
4. High Speed Connectivity
5. TCP / IP
6. Ping

Lab Sessions
Core Labs
1.1.6PC Network TCP/IP Configuration
1.1.7Using ping and tracert from a Workstation
1.1.9Basic PC/Network Troubleshooting Process

Optional Labs
1.1.2PC Hardware
1.1.8Web Browser Basics

Next Lecture
1. Network Maths
2. What is Binary, Decimal & Hexadecimal ?
3. Converting Binary to Hexadecimal & Decimal
4. 32-bit Binary Numbers
5. Boolean Logic
6. IP Addresses & Masks