EMERGING SUBSTANCES

Zoeken naar een ???? in een ??????

Ir. Karel Verschueren

 Zoeken naar een ????

BUITENWERELD

Welke stoffen worden in producten gebruikt ?

Op welke wijze en waar komen deze stoffen in het milieu terecht ?

Welke afbraakreacties treden op ?

Hoe kunnen deze stoffen worden geanalyseerd ?

Welke databases zijn beschikbaar over deze stoffen ?

 Hoe analyseren we ???? En wat zijn de
risico’s van ???
WA TERWERELD

Welke stoffen kunnen we analyseren met de bestaande technieken ?

Welke monitoring-schemas’s zijn nodig voor ES ?

Wie zijn ES deskundigen ? Hoe kunnen gegevens en ervaringen worden uitgewisseld ?

Welke chronische effec ten moeten worden bestudeerd aangezien de ES geen acuut gevaar opleveren ?

Hoe kan communicatie naar buiten worden georganiseerd

 Welke reducerende maatregelen ?

BUITENWERELD

Welke toepassingen van chemicaliën in welke producten moeten gereduceerd worden ?

Hoe kan het e.e.a. bereikt worden in een mondiale economie?

 INVENTORIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

ELINCS : European List of New Chemical Substances (± 4000)

EINECS : European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances
(± 105.000)
ECICS : European Customs Inventory of Chemical Substances (± 24.000)
CASRN : Chemical Abstracts Services Registry Numbers
DATA BANKS ON HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS On-line

National Library of Medicine : Specialized Information Servives

HSDB : Hazardous Substances Data Bank (± 5000)

IRIS : Integrated Risk Information System
GENE-TOX : Genetic Toxicology (Mutagenicity)
CCRIS : Chemical Carcinogenesis Research
TOXLINE : Tox icology Bibliographic Info
DART/ETIC : Developmental & Reproduction Toxicology
CHEMDplus : Chemical Synonyms, Structures and more

IRPTC : International Register of Potentially Tox ic Chemicals

RTECS : Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
AQUIRE : Aquatic Tox icity Information Retrieval database

EPA/Office of Pesticides and Tox ic Substances: Pesticide Fact sheets

FAN : Fluoride Action Network

NICNAS : National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme
(Australia)
INCHEM :
OSHA : Occupational Safety & Health Administration
 DATA BANKS ON HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

on CD-ROM
European Chemical Bureau : IUCLID

Publisher : Silver Platter. London

DOSE : Dictionary of Substances and their Effects
EMNASE : Pharmaceitical and biomedical database
MSDS : Material Safety Data Sheets (± 70.000)
POLTOX : Pollution and Toxicology databases
TOXLINE : incl National Library of Medicine

Publisher : Sigma Aldrich

The Merck Index : Monographs on > 10.000 substances
Chemical Directory (± 140.000)
MSDS : Material Safety Data Sheets (± 90.000)

Publisher : Samson
ISIS : Internationaal Stoffen Informatie Systeem
bevat : RTECS, AQUIRE, IRPTC
DATA BANKS ON HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS on CD-ROM
Publisher : Syracuse Research Corporation
Philip Howard: Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for
Organic Chemicals (18.000 chemicals).
Philip Howard : Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates
CHEMFATE : 1728 substances
BIODEG : 700 substances

Publisher : CRC
Donals Mackay: Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical properties and
Environmental fate for Organic Chemicals (± 500 substances)

Publisher : J.Wiley & Sons : New Yo rk

Sax : Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
Hawley : Condensed Chemical Dictionary
Prager : Environmental Contaminant Reference databook
Pohanish : Hazardous Materials Handbook
Verschueren : Handbook of Environmental Data on organic Chemicals (4th ed) (±3500)

Publisher : MDL
MDL Metabolite Database : Biotransformations of Drugs and Pharmacokinetics
(8600 parent compounds, 54.000 transformations; 35.000 molecules)
 EINECS
EINECS includes a large variety of chemical substances, for example (cf. [17-19]):

– industrial chemicals;
– substances produced from natural products by chemical modifi cation or
purifi cation, such asmetals, minerals, cement, refined oil and gas and their products
including pitch;
– substances produced from animals and plants, such as lanolin, turpentine, rosin oil
and resin acids, except where they are used solely in foodstuffs;
– food additives;
– ingredients or active substances of pesticides, medicaments, such as aspirin and
paracetamol, and cosmetic products;
• m onom ers;
• naturalpolym ers, including natural rubber nda tsarch ;
• some w aste and by-products, including som e by-productsof processed coal, such as
coke and coal art iptch.
 EINECS does not include
1. synthetic polymers (these are registered in EINECS under their
building blocks, monomers);
2. impurities as such, although some may beon EINECS in their own
right;
3. intentional mixtures;
4. medical products, cosmetic products and pesti cide products as
intentional mixtures;
5. food, feedstuffs;
6. alloys, such as stainless steel, but inc ludes most individual
components of al loys;
7. most naturall y occurring raw materials, including coal and most
ores.
8. degradates
 New Chemicals : since 1981 : 4000 chemicals

annual production number of % of total new tons/year %

volume chemicals new chemicals
< 1 ton/year 1160 29% 580 0,4%
1 – 10 tons/year 2440 61% 12.200 9,4%
10 – 100 tons/year 292 7,3% 14.600 11,2%
100 – 1000 tons/year 108 2,7% 54.000 42%
>1000 tons/year 24 0,6% 48.000 37%
totaal 4000 100% 129.380 100%
European List of New Chemicals

Use of New Chemicals

Intermediates 24%
Colouring agents 16%
Photochemicals 8%
Cosmetics 6%
Process regulators 5%
Stabilisers 4%
Pharmaceuticals 3%
Odour agents 3%
Reprographic agents 2%
Others 29%
 The HEDSET and the IUCLID

For the data collection a special computer program was

developed by the European Commission Services, the
HEDSET software package (Harmonised Electronic Data-
set).
The data is sent on a diskette or a CD ROM to the ECB (European
Chemicals Bureau). Here all HEDSET export files are loaded onto the
database IUCLID (the International Uniform ChemicaL Information
Database).
 UICLID : beschikbaarheid van gegevens

3 Environmental Fate and Pathways

3.1.1 Photodegradation 47.59%
3.1.2 Stability in Water 40.81%
3.1.3 Stability in Soil 23.16%
3.2 Monitoring Data (Environment) 22.88%
3.3.1 Transport between Environ. Compart. 25.48%
3.3.2 Distribution 31.24%
3.4 Mode of Degradation in Actual Use 25.52%
3.5 Biodegradation 60.57%
3.6 BOD5, COD or BOD5/COD Ratio 26.29%
3.7 Bioaccumulation 29.94%
3.8 Additional Remarks 25.23%
 IUCLID : Beschikbaarheid van gegevens

4 Ecotoxicity
4.1 Acute/Prolonged Toxicity to Fish 67.95%
4.2 Acute Tox. to Aquatic Invertebrates 54.65%
4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants e.g. Algae 45.56%
4.4 Tox. to Microorganisms e.g. Bacteria 56.92%
4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish 13.71%
4.5.2 Chronic Tox. to Aquatic Invertebrates 17.77%
4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms 30.30%
4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants 31.76%
4.6.3 Tox. to Other Non-mamm. Terr. Species 32.70%
4.7 Biological Effects Monitoring 25.80%
4.8 Biotransformation and Kinetics 26.98%
 IUCLID : Beschikbaarheid van gegevens

5 Toxicity
5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity 76.96%
5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Toxicity 50.75%
5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity 52.94%
5.1.4 Acute Toxicity, Other Routes 35.01%
5.2.1 Skin Irritation 73.27%
5.2.2 Eye Irritation 72.90%
5.3 Sensitisation 48.32%
5.4 Repeated Dose Toxicity 58.17%
5.5 Genetic Toxicity in Vitro 66.94%
5.6 Genetic Toxicity in Vivo 37.89%
5.7 Carcinogenicity 43.89%
5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction 26.00%
5.9 Developmental Toxicity/Teratogenicity 32.01%
5.10 Other Relevant Information 51.93%
5.11 Experience with Human Exposure 55.94%
 LLINCWA
Loss Lubrication in Inland and Coastal Water
Activities
University of Amsterdam, Chemiewinkel (UvA-CW).

QA+, Policy research and consultancy (QA+).

Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland (Rijnland).

TotalFinaElf Lubricants.

Tekniker Research Foundation (Tekniker).

INPT-LCA, Laboratoire de chimie agro-industrielle (INPT).

University of Applied Science, Institute of Sh ip Operation,

Maritime Transport and Simulation (ISSUS).

Faculte Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux-

Valonal (Valonal).

Fuchs Lubritech GmbH.

1. Technology supply and non-technical issues LLINCWA Workplan
1.1 Identify and describe in detail the market for loss lubricants (water phase)
1.2 Environmental and workers health aspects
1.3 Development of a ranking system

1.4 Ana lysis o f pro duc ts and c o ntro l o n b iodeg rada tio n
1.5 Tes t the perfo rmance of th e lubrican ts
1.6 Identify and solve technical problems

1.7 Define handling procedures and prepare handling manual

1.8 Identify costs concerning the use ofbiodegradable ubr

l icants

2:A ssimilation atpilot p

rojects

2.1 O rganisetestphase wi thbio-lubricants in pilot compa nies

2.2 O rganise co-operation ofusers and suppliers atpilot sites during n
itroduction
2.3 G ive ma nageme nt and workersargume nts why to apply non-t oxic biodegradable lubricants
2.4 O rganise nst
i ruction on how to handle bio-lubricants
2.5 A ssess technical performance ofnon-to xicbiodegradable ubrl icants at he
t pilot sit
es
2.6A ssesseconomicaland non-t
echnical issues concerning the introduction at
the pil
ot s
ites
2.7 O rganise an expe
rt-t
eam for providing advise an
d on-sit
e ass
istance

3:D iffusion to target markets

3.1 D efine and ra nk the main target markets

3.2 C ollectinforma tion and disseminati on of the information to the branch
3.3 G ive direct adviseto com panies
3.4 Prepare draftregulations to accele rate the diffusion
3.5 Survey marke tchanges
3.6 C ollectand disseminate t he experiences of th e pilotprojects
 POWER POINT PRESENTATIES
Ray Hurley,
Vice President Surfactants & Oleochemicals
AKZO NOBEL Surface Chemistry

Nancy Sager
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
FDA, Food and Drug Administration

C.G. Daughton
Chief Environmental Chemistry Branch
Environmental Science Division, EPA

Dr. Th. Ternes

Institute for Water Research and Water technology, Wiesbaden

P. Frier
LGC
 PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS
1. Degradates (= metabolites) are more important then parent compounds
2. Ecological fate and toxicity data are lacking for the majority of the degradates
3. M any substances are mixtures of more then 10 compounds
4. Information on composition of many preparations is lacking
5. Information on volumes and uses of Emerging Substances is restricted to:
a. pharmaceuticals
b. cosmetics
c. brominated and phosphate flame retardants
d. pesticides
e. ozone depleting substances
f. plasticizers (phthalates)
g. non-agricultural biocides (in personal care products)
6. Ecological fate and toxicity data are available for ± 5000 substances
7. Number of Emerging Substances to be investigated estimated at ±20.000
Risk assessment of hazardoussubstances is generally based on acute toxicity and
not on chronic toxicity
 BTO
BRON-PAD-DOEL MILIEUGEVAARLIJKE STOFFEN
Emissies:
- samenstelling Transport- en Concentraties
Product - hoeveelheden Transformatie- en effecten
bij Waterzuivering
samenstelling - plaats processen
- compartiment in het milieu blootstelling

Map of knowledge
Establish and regularly update Inventory of risk analysis methods
list of identified Emerging Substances and micro-organisms Early detection methods

Interactive workshops Browsing of sources of information

International networks of watchdogs Tailor made specific fact sheets
Identify gaps in knowledge
Develop communication strategy

PROJECTPLAN BTO
 Identificatie bijdrage VITENS aan projectplan BTO
Vitens-BTO
PROJECTPLAN BTO (2002-2004) EUR EUR % % VITENS

1 Workshop € 60.000 16
1.1 Startdocument workshop € 24.000 6,4
1.2 Interactive workshop € 30.000 8,0
1.3 Proceedings workshop € 6.000 1,6

2 International Network of Watchdogs € 86.000 23

2.1 Formation € 2.000 0,5
2.2 Meetings € 75.000 20,0
2.3 Prepare list of substances and organisms € 1.500 0,4
2.4 Preliminary assessment € 7.500 2,0

3 Map of Knowledge € 145.000 39

3.1 Design € 60.000 16,0
3.2 Exploration new strategies € 10.000 2,7
3.3 Systematic browsing € 30.000 8,0
3.4 Attend international conference € 30.000 8,0
3.5 Identify gaps in knowledge € 15.000 4,0

4 Communication and information structure € 54.000 14

4.1 Production of fact sheets € 42.000 11,2
4.2 Identification of responsible authorities € 4.000 1,1
4.3 Communication structure € 8.000 2,1

5 Project management € 30.000 8

TOTAL BUDGET € 375.000 100,0 100

 Identificatie bijdrage VITENS aan projectplan BTO
Vitens->BTO
PROJECTPLAN BTO (2002-2004) EUR EUR % % VITENS

1 Workshop € 60.000 16
1.1 Startdocument workshop € 24.000 6,4
1.2 Interactive workshop € 30.000 8,0
1.3 Proceedings workshop € 6.000 1,6

2 International Network of Watchdogs € 86.000 23

2.1 Formation € 2.000 0,5
2.2 Meetings € 75.000 20,0 € 5.000
2.3 Prepare list of substances and organisms € 1.500 0,4 € 10.000
2.4 Preliminary assessment € 7.500 2,0 € 5.000

3 Map of Knowledge € 145.000 39

3.1 Design € 60.000 16,0 € 2.500
3.2 Exploration new strategies € 10.000 2,7 € 5.000
3.3 Systematic browsing € 30.000 8,0 € 20.000
3.4 Attend international conference € 30.000 8,0 € 5.000
3.5 Identify gaps in knowledge € 15.000 4,0 € 10.000

4 Communication and information structure € 54.000 14

4.1 Production of fact sheets € 42.000 11,2 € 2.000
4.2 Identification of responsible authorities € 4.000 1,1
4.3 Communication structure € 8.000 2,1
4.4 Identification of responsible manufacturers € 5.000

5 Project management € 30.000 8 € 5.000

TOTAL BUDGET € 375.000 100,0 100 € 74.500