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Force Protection Operations

March OPD
React to Unexploded Ordinance Hazards
AWT 093-401-5040

Purpose

The purpose is to familiarize leaders with


force protection tactics, techniques, and
procedures which have been successful in
Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi
Freedom.

OPD MARCH 2004

Agenda

References
Force Protection Operations TTP
Summary and Review
Conclusion

OPD MARCH 2004

References

CALL 03-20

FM 4-01.011

FM 7-98

FM 3-21

FM 71-1

FM 3-19.4

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Force Protection Operations


Security Operations
Checkpoint Operations

Explosive Hazards
Convoy Operations
React to Unexploded Ordinance Hazards
AWT 093-401-5040
OPD MARCH 2004

Explosive Hazards

Unexploded Ordinance (UXO) and


Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) that
have failed to function as designed
UXO and IED that have failed to detonate
by design (for example: area denial
munitions, land mines, and booby traps)

OPD MARCH 2004

Explosive Hazards
Three steps to take in reacting to UXO/IED
Recognize the explosive hazard
React to the explosive hazard
Report the explosive hazard

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Explosive Hazards
Improvised Explosive Devices (IED)
Package type
Vehicle borne
Suicide bomber

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Methods of Activation
Command activation--by radio, electric
leads, pull wire/mechanical strikers.
Action by the subject/target--trip wire,
pressure device, light sensitive device,
electric.
Time delay--clock, burning fuse,
chemical delay, atmospheric pressure
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Suicide Vest

OPD MARCH 2004

Partially Detonated IED

IEDs in OIF/OEF

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Pepsi Can IED

Saddam Poster IED

More IEDs
Explosive Charge(s)

Blasting Cap

Car Alarm
w/ Batteries

Firing Wire

Car Alarm
D cell Batteries

Explosive Charge

Firing Wire
Electric Blasting
Cap

Car
Car Alarm
Alarm

CellBatteries
DDCell
Batteries

IEDs in OIF/OEF

IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED)


TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs)

The Basic No Frills IED Attack


Mil/Civ Convoy

Direction
of Traffic

IED Placed on Shoulder

Median Strip

Median Strip

Median Strip

Typical Iraqi 4 lane highway


Variation: IED Placed in the Median Strip

IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED)


TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs)

The Broken Down Vehicle IED Attack


Stopped fake Broken Down vehicle canalizes
military traffic into close proximity to IED

Median Strip

Median Strip

IED

Median Strip

Direction
of Traffic

IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED)


TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs)

Easily seen
Fake IED

The Fiendishly Clever IED Attack


Lead vehicle sees fake IED and stops. The
convoy stops behind it. Real IEDs on flanks of
stopped convoy are then command detonated
Visible Wires

Median Strip

Direction
of Traffic

The Real IEDs Daisy Chained Together

Median Strip

Median Strip

Ambush Technique

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Result of IED/Ambush

Chechnya IED

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Chechnya IED

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Chechnya IED

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Chechnya IED

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Chechnya IED

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What Can You do to Mitigate Threat?

Keep Alert: Make yourself a Hard Target


Be Prepared for IED Attack Followed by Ambush
Be and Appear Vigilant
Personnel Who Look Ready to Fight Back Make Bad
Targets
Bad Guys Wait for the Next Convoy
OPD MARCH 2004

What Can You do to Mitigate Threat?


Maintain Convoy Speed when Possible
Maintain vehicle dispersion
Be Extra Cautious at choke points
-Iraqi Vehicle Breakdowns
-Bridges, one way roads, traffic jams, sharp turns,
etc
If Something Causes the Convoy to Stop, Watch Your
Flanks for IEDs (Post Ops)

OPD MARCH 2004

What Can You do to Mitigate Threat?


Vests and Helmets Save LivesWear
Them!
Ballistic Glasses Save Eyesight
Wear Earplugs-Prevents damage to
eardrums
OPD MARCH 2004

What Can You do to Mitigate Threat?

Rehearse Actions on Contact for an IED


Get Out of the Kill Zone Fast
Do NOT Approach the IED
Soldier was Killed Doing this when the IED was
Command Detonated as the Soldier Inspected It
OPD MARCH 2004

Summary

The purpose has been to familiarize leaders


with force protection tactics, techniques, and
procedures which have been successful in
Afghanistan and Iraq

OPD MARCH 2004

Look Hard, Be Hard


This is about shifting the mindset of soldiers from
identifying what they do as a soldier- - Im a cook,
Im an infantryman, Im a postal clerk - - toward I
am a warrior when people ask what they do for a
living.
BG Benjamin Freakley
Commander
U.S. Army Infantry Center

Conclusion

U.S. soldiers can use the lessons learned in


Afghanistan and Iraq to successfully secure
fixed sites, deter and prevent terrorist
attacks, and save lives.

OPD MARCH 2004

QUESTIONS?

OPD MARCH 2004

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