INTRODUCTION
RELIABILITY STRUCTURE
The probabilistic measure of assurance of
performance with respect to some prescribed
conditions. A condition can refer to an ultimate
limit state (such as collapse) or serviceability
limit state (such as excessive deflection and/or
vibration)
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE ASSESSMENT
purpose of assessment is to know the
condition and ability of the structure
the results of assessment may be used to
determine necessary action to be taken,
(prioritize inspection, inspection methods,
repair or retrovit)
assessment involving code driven inspection,
experience and field survey
RISK MATRIX
Risk = Probability of Failure X Consequences of
Failure
CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE
PROBABILITY OF
FAILURE
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
(3)
(2)
(1)
HIGH
(1)
MEDIUM
(2)
LOW
(3)
PURPOSES OF STRUCTURE
ASSESSMENT
Inventory the structure facilities and
equipment condition
Overall reduction in risk for the facilities and
equipment assessed
Acceptance/understanding of the current risk
Predictive maintenance
ASSESSMENT METHOD
COLLECTING DATA
QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT
(VISUAL INSPECTION + NDE IF NECESSARY)
PROBABILITY AND CONSEQUENCES OF
STRUCTURE FAILURE
STRUCTURE RISK (CRITICALLITY RANKING)
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT (NDT/NDE
PERFORMANCE)
STRUCTURE ANALYSIS/ENGINEERING
ANALYSIS
RECOMMENDATION
ASSESSMENT METHOD
Structure classification
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Member condition
Deformation
Connection member
Environment and safety hazards
MT/PT
UT (thickness and or scanning)
Eddy current
Load test (if applicable)
ASSESSMENT METHOD
REFERENCE
STANDARD CODE
ACI (AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE)
ACI 318
ACI 117
AISC (AMERICAN INSTITUTE of STELL CONSTRUCTION)
CLIENT SPESIFICATION
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DATA
Inspection Equipment
Welding Gage
Measurement Gage (caliper, roll meter, etc)
Binocular and inspection mirror
Scraper, hammer & wire brush
UT Thickness
Safety Equipment
Camera with high resolution (optional)
Steel Member
Structural deficiencies affecting steel member :
Corrosion
- Minor/Light
A surface corrosion with no apparent loss of section
- Moderate
Corrosion that is loose and flaking with some pitting. The scale or
exfoliation can be removed with some effort by use of a scrapper
or
chipping hammer. The element exhibits measurable but not
significant loss of section
- Severe
Heavy, stratified corrosion or corrosion scales with extensive
pitting. Removal requires exerted effort and may require
mechanical means. Significant loss of section
Steel Member
Impacted Corrosion
Corrosion collected between two interfacing surfaces, usually two steel
plates. Impacted corrosion can be minor, moderate, or severe as
described above. Impacted corrosion can severely deform the steel
member due to expansive nature of the corrosion product.
Pitting
Formation of cavities due to corrosion
CONCRETE MEMBER
Structural deficiencies affecting steel member :
Efflorescence
A white deposit caused by crystallization of soluble salts brought to the surface by moisture
leaching through the concrete
Delamination
A layered separation of the concrete. When a delaminated area of concrete is struck (sounded)
with a hammer, ahollow sound will be emitted
Leaching
The dissolution and washing away of the calcium hydroxide in concrete. Moisture enters the
through cracks open to the surface.
CONCRETE MEMBER
Spall
A roughly circular, oval, or elongated depression in the surface of a
concrete element caused by separation of a portion of the surface
concrete.
- Small (pop-out) less than 6 in in diameter and 1 in deep
- Medium between 6 in and 12 in in diameter and up to 2 in deep
- Large over 12 in in diameter and any depth
Scaling (Erosion)
The gradual loss of surface mortar and aggregates
- Light loss of surface mortar up to in deep
- Medium loss of surface mortar between in and in deep,
including loss between large agregate
- Heavy loss of mortar greater than in deep significantly
exposing
large agregate
CONCRETE MEMBER
Hollow Area
An area of concrete that emits a hollow sound when struck with a
hammer, indicating the existence of a fracture plane beneath the
surface
Honeycomb
Typically small pocket voids formed by the entrapment of air during the
placement of the concrete
END PRESENTATION