Matter

TOPIC 2

What is matter?

Scientists define matter as anything that has

mass and occupies space

Most matter is either:

1.

Solid

2.

Liquid

3.

Gas

States of
Matter

What is matter?

Solids stay in the same shape; they do not flow

or spread out

Liquids take up the shape of the bottom of the

container they are in; they flow when poured

Gases take up the shape of their container and

will escape if not contained

The Particle Theory of

Matter

Scientists use the word particle to describe

matter that is too small to see

1.

All matter is made of particles

2.

Particles are always moving

3.

Temperature affects the speed the particles are

moving at. The higher the temperature the
faster the particles are moving

Changing States
The

three different states of

matter can change from one state
to another.

In

order to change, the particles

need to gain energy in the form of
heat.

When

heat is applied to an object,

it causes the particles to move
around more

Investigating
State
Changes

Aim
To

observe water as it
changes state from solid to
liquid and then to gas

Method

Collect enough ice so that your beaker is half full and place
the thermometer into it while you set up the rest of the
equipment

Stand up the retort stand and clamp alongside the tripod

and gauze mat

Place the beaker of ice on the gauze mate and gently

clamp the thermometer so that it is held upright and the
scale it easy to see

Record the initial temperature of the ice

Light the Bunsen burner and start timing with the

stopwatch

Measure and record the temperature every minute

Continue measuring and recording the temperature until

the water has been boiling for 2-3 minutes

Diffusion
THE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER

Diffusion
When

gas particles are released into a

room they are free to move anywhere
they want!

Eventually

they will spread throughout

the entire room

This

process is called diffusion

Diffusion
Diffusion is the
movement of particles
from an area of high
concentration to an area
of low concentration

Diffusion
Diffusion

occurs in gases and

liquids but not in solids

Diffusion
The

speed of diffusion depends on:

The

size of the particles the bigger

the particles the slower they move

How

much energy the particles have

the more energy the particles
have (the hotter they are) the faster
they move

Observing Diffusion

Expansion
& Contraction

Expansion

When particles are heats, they begin to move

around more and the space between the
particles increases, causing the substance to
expand

Contraction

When matter is heated is expands.

Similarly, when matter is cooled it
contracts as the particles move closer
together

Expansion The Bridge

Problem
What

happens to bridges in the heat?

Bridges

are subjected to incredible

forces of wind heat and cold. They
need to expand and contract to
prevent them cracking or buckling.

When

temperature rises, the

concrete slabs in the bridge expand,
so joints are put in so the slabs of
concrete don't break

Atoms!

What are Atoms?

Atoms are