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Chapter 2

Basic Components
and Electric Circuits

Fig. 2.1

Charge flowing through a wire

Figs. 2.5 and 2.6

Current labeling conventions

User Note:

Figs. 2.9 and 2.10

Voltage labeling conventions

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Fig. 2.12

The power absorbed by the element is

Figs. 2.16 - 2.18

Circuit symbols for various sources

Fig. 2.19

Circuit for Example 2.2

Fig. 2.20

Circuit for Practice Problem 2.20

Fig. 2.23

Ohms Law

Engineering Circuit Analysis Sixth Edition


W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin
Copyright 2002 McGraw-Hill, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

TheSIunitofchargeisthecoulomb(C).
Currentistherateofflowofchargepastapoint.
TheSIunitofcurrentistheampere(A)orinformallyamp.
Oneampereisonecoulombpersecond.

W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Sixth Edition.
Copyright 2002 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved.

Two different methods of labeling the same current.

(a,b) Incomplete, improper, and incorrect definitions of a current.


(c) the correct definition of i1(t).
W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Sixth Edition.
Copyright 2002 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved.

Voltage
Voltageisameasureoftheamountofenergyrequiredtomove
aquantityofchargefromonepointinacircuittoanother.If
theexpenditureofonejouleofenergyisrequiredtomoveone
coulombofchargefrompointAinacircuittopointB,then
pointAisonevolthigherinvoltagethanpointB.Theunitof
voltageisthevolt(V)andonevoltisonejoulepercoulomb.

(a, b) These are inadequate definitions of a


voltage. (c) A correct definition includes
both a symbol for the variable and a plusminus symbol pair.

(a, b) Terminal B is 5 V positive with


respect to terminal A; (c,d) terminal
A is 5 V positive with respect to
terminal B.

W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Sixth Edition.
Copyright 2002 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved.

If the current arrow is directed into the + marked terminal of


an element, then p = vi yields the absorbed power. A negative
value indicates that power is actually being generated by the
element.
If the current arrow is directed out of the + terminal of an element,
then p = vi yields the supplied power. A negative value in this case
indicates that power is actually being absorbed instead of generated.
W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Sixth Edition.
Copyright 2002 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved.

Symbol for: (a) DC voltage source;


(b) battery; (c) ac voltage source.

Symbol for an
independent current
source.

The four different types


of dependent sources:
(a) current-controlled
current source;
(b) voltage-controlled
current source;
(c) voltage-controlled
voltage source;
(d) current-controlled
voltage source.
W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Sixth Edition.
Copyright 2002 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved.

In the circuit below ,if v2 is known to be 3 V, find vL .

W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Sixth Edition.
Copyright 2002 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved.

Find the power absorbed by each element in the circuit below.

W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Sixth Edition.
Copyright 2002 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved.

Ohms Law

v = i R
or

v
i =
R

W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Sixth Edition.
Copyright 2002 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved.

Risresistancetocurrentflow.Ahigherresistancemeansmore
power(highervoltage)isrequiredtocauseagivencurrenttoflow.
Theunitofresistanceistheohm

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