Control (ENX314)
WEEK 1
INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
PowerPoint Slides
by Dr. Chow Li Sze
BEng Telecommunication
University of Malaya, Malaysia.
Reference Book:
Project Management: Planning and Control Techniques
(Burke 1999)
- Recommended by the University of Sunderland.
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Introduction
Aims:
Develop ability to understand and apply the principles of Project
Management (PM). This include:
Project Management
Intersecting Needs
Project manager has the
responsibility to set up a
management structure which
meets the needs of the:
project
organization
stakeholders
individuals working on the project
OBS = Organization breakdown structure.
What is a Project?
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) defines a project:
Questions
1. List 5 projects that you have been involved.
2. Check if the following statements are true or false for the project:
- The projects have a defined start and finish.
- They are unique, one-off, non-repetitive activities.
- They each have a specific aim.
- They each result in something being delivered.
- They involve cost, resources and time.
- They each use a wide variety of resources and skills.
- They have their own budget.
- They vary in the degree of complexity involved.
Answer
Examples of projects:
Organising a function
Setting up a website
A fundraising campaign
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Nature of Project
The distinguishing characteristics and definition of a project is:
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Team roles and relationships that are subject to change and need
to be developed, defined and established (team building).
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Functional vs Project
Functional:
Activities and operations that are carried out under a normal line
management framework are often concerned with a substantially
stable situation.
Project:
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Questions
Categorize the following tasks as either project or functional work:
1.
Launch a new product.
2.
Manage a research unit.
3.
Conduct an appraisal.
4.
Raise $50,000 in sponsorship.
5.
Sell company services.
6.
Review existing procedures.
7.
Administrate Theatre company.
8.
Supervise the office.
9.
Build a house.
10.
Write a book.
11.
Editing a magazine.
12.
Launch a new product.
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Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Project
Functional
Functional
Project
Functional
Project
Functional
Functional
Project
Project
Functional
Project
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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The PMBOK will lead to good PM practices, and to accomplish the following:
To direct scarce resources to what are judged to be the most desirable
objectives.
To focus appropriate management skills onto specific tasks.
To secure commitments to deliver results from those wishing to proceed with
the project.
To direct major elements of the business without being submerged in detail.
To keep control of a wide variety of projects running concurrently.
To ensure that issues such as quality and safety are engineered into projects
at the design stage.
To extend the experience of staff working on projects and help equip them
for wider responsibilities.
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CPM: Critical path method calculates all the activities start dates, finish
dates, and floats.
Fast Track: bring a new product to the market quickly before competitors.
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Operational flexibility
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Questions
Read Chapter 1 (Burkes book), and answer the following:
1.
2.
Read
Chapter 2 History of Project Management
Chapter 3 Project Life-Cycle
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Answers
1.
Burke suggests that the PMBOK areas can be sub divided into 2 groups:
1. The first group includes knowledge areas that are concerned with
deliverables, i.e. Scope, Time, Cost, and Quality.
2. The second group includes those knowledge areas that relate to the
means of achieving the deliverables, i.e. Integration, Human Resources,
Communications, Risk, Procurement and contract.
2.
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Projects and their management both affect and are affected by their
environment, often significantly.
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What technical work should be done during each phase of the life
cycle.
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Cost and staffing levels are low at the start, higher toward the end,
and drop rapidly as the project draws to a conclusion.
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Question
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Answer
4 phases of Project Life Cycle are:
Implementation or Construction
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Phase transition
In practice, there is a very real danger that the transition from one phase to
the next might be carried out without the proper level of discussions and
explanations. This is called over-the-wall transfer.
The end of every phase of the project should be marked by a review of both
the deliverables and performance in order to determine if the project should
continue into the next phase.
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Level of Detail
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Question
Burke suggests the Product Life Cycle has 8
phases. List these phases.
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Answer
8 phases of Product Life-Cycle: Pre-project, Concept,
Design, Implementation, Handover, Maintenance, Upgrade
and Disposal.
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Summary
The Product Life Cycle is a useful concept that looks at the bigger
picture from the cradle to the grave.
The level of influence curve and cost of change curve clearly show
the importance of getting the design right before implementation.
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Question
Figure Q1
(a) Explain why the level of effort is likely to vary between lifecycle phases
as shown in Figure Q1.
(5 marks)
(b) What typical tasks are likely to feature in each of the generic lifecycle
phases listed above?
(12 marks)
(c) Explain how the ability of the project manager to influence the project
(i.e.add value) varies through each of the lifecycle phases. How does
the cost to change the project vary through these phases? (8 marks)
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Answer
Answer (a):
(5 marks)
The graph above depicts both (i) the instantaneous input to the project and
(ii) the accumulated input to the project over the 4 lifecycle phases. During
the concept/initiation phase, the level of effort is relatively low and may
involve very few people. Once the go ahead is given to the
design/development stage the level of input required is likely to be higher as
more detailed planning is put together. When moving to the full blown
implementation/execution phase the whole project team will be involved and
the level of input will rise to a maximum. Finally, once the execution is
complete, only commissioning and handover remains and the level of input
will fall again.
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Answer
Answer (b):
marks)
(12
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Answer
Answer (c):
(8 marks)
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