PC VIDEO

BY:Divyansh Agarwal - 726/IT/12

Kunal Arora- 737/IT/12

INTRODUCTION
TV screens generally display video as
NTSC( 720X480) or PAL(720X576).
NTSC and PAL are two types of colour encoding
systems that affect the visual quality of content on
analog TV
NTSC and PAL set standard values for some attributes
of videos like: refresh rate, frame rate, colorimetry,
resolution etc.
The PC monitors had an aspect ratio of 4:3 , so in
order to avoid distortion it was necessary to use a
horizontal addressability of 640 (4/3 X480) for NTSC
and 768(4/3 X 576) for PAL.
So , for PC screens NTSC is 640X480 and PAL is
768X576.
Analog video needs to be converted to digital format

Source and Source

Devices
Source- Media platform on which
the analog video is recorded.
Source Device- Typically means a
playback device on which the
recorded video is played back.
The source device must be
compatible to the source on which
the video has been recorded.

The source and source devices can be one

of the following :

Camcorder with pre-recorded video tape.

VCP with recorded video cassette.
Video camera pre-recorded memory card
Xbox gaming console and its hard disk with
saved gameplay.

Video recorded onto a source must be in

one of the video recording standards.
Video recording standards are defined
formats in which PC videos are shot.
Eg. NTSC( 720X480), PAL(720X576),
SECAM etc
The source tape is inserted into the
source device and signal output from it is
required to be fed to the PC.
Outputs from the source device must
conform to one of the video signal

Video Capture Card

A Video Capture Card or a Video frame
grabber converts an analog video
signal such as that produced by a video
camera or DVD player to digital video.
The resultant digital data are PC files
referred to as digital video stream
It is essentially a device which acts an
interface between the source and PC. It
process the video and sound data
stored on a device and makes it

A typical Video Capture Card circuit

board consists of the following
components:-

A VCC has the following

functionalities : -

1.VDO-IN port which accepts the video input

signals from the source.
2.Compress and decompress video data.
3.Compresses and decompress audio data.
4.Converts the analog input video signal to
digital form using A/D converter.
5.VDO-OUT port feeds output video signal to
camera/VCR
6.Converts digital video data to analog signals
for feeding to output analog devices using
D/A converter
7.ADO-IN and ADO-OUT for audio input and
output functions

Connection Scheme
Output signals need to be taken
from the audio output and video
output ports of the source device
using appropriate audio jacks and
cables .(Usually phone jacks or
RAC jacks)
Audio output from the ADO-OUT
port of the source device is fed to
the audio input port ADO-IN port
of the sound card.
Video output signal from the VDOOUT port of the source device is
fed using RCA or S-Video jacks to
the video input port VDO-IN port
of the video capture card.
The video capture card may itself
contain both audio in and video in
ports, in which case both the

Components of Video Capture

Card
1. Video Channel Multiplexer
2. ADC
3. Image Processing Parameters
4. Compression Decompression

Video Channel Multiplexer

A video capture card supports a
number of input ports e.g. composite
video, S-video etc.
It also supports many input formats
like NTSC,PAL,HDTV etc.
So, the Video Channel Multiplexer
allows the proper input port format to
be selected under program control
and enables the circuitry appropriate
for the selected channel.

ADC
ADC The analog to digital converter
It reads the input analog video signal
and digitizes it using standard
procedures of sampling and
quantization.
The parameters for sampling include
the sampling rate, the color depth
and the frame rate.

Image Processing Parameters

It includes specifying the
brightness, color, audio, volume
etc. which are specified using the
video capture software.

Compression Decompression
The video capture card contains a
chip for hardware compression and
decompression in real time.
There can be multiple standards like
MPEG-1,MPEG-2,H.261/263, which
would require a programmable
CODEC.
Programmability provides flexibility
to the user.

Video Capture Software

Video capture software is used to define the
various functionalities of capturing video. It
provides the following capabilities : Tuning Parameters: These parameters define
the final output of the video and audio in the
digital file produced. These include frame rate,
brightness/contrast and colour controls, frame
size of the video, sampling rate, compression
scheme and volume of the audio.
AVI Capture: This utility allows us to specify
whether the digital video file would be stored
in the AVI file format. No compression is
applied to the video data.

AVI to MPEG Converter: This utility allows the

user to convert a captured AVI file to MPEG
format. Here MPEG compression algorithm is
applied to the AVI file and Image processing
parameters are specified by the user beforehand.
MPEG Capture: This utility refers to capturing
video directly in the MPEG format. Analog video
data is captured, digitized and compressed at the
same time before being written to the disk.
DAT to MPEG Converter: This utility converts
the DAT format of a video CD into MPEG, mostly
for editing purposes. File size changes very little
after conversion because DAT and MPEG are

MPEG Editor: Some capture softwares

also provide the utility of editing an
MPEG file. It provides the functionalities
for: Splitting the file into small parts.
Joining multiple parts of the file.
Adding effects like subtitles or
transitions.
Audio track may also be separately
edited.

THANK YOU!!!!