HISTORICAL ASPECT
RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE
5th B.C :
Hippocratic oath
developed
from a religious sect
known
as Pythagoreans.
Small groups of
physician who
live in Isle of Cos.
Middle age :
Monks dominated medical
practice.
Catholics have integrated
principles
of medical decision making in
their
theology.
ETHICAL
ANALYSIS
ETHICAL ISSUES IN
PHYSICAL THERAPY
In 1935, a group of
physiotherapists convened in
Atlantic City and drafted a Code
(Thomas
Beauchamp
Four principles
1.AUTONOMY:
Autonomy of the
client/ patient to
opt for or out of
any treatment options is available to
him.
If the health provider is able to respect
the clients right to autonomy, much of
the ethical burden will be taken care of.
Right to information , respect for
individual
2.BENEFICENCE :
This is the duty of the health
provider to ensure that the client
in her care is assured of all the
benefits of her professional
knowledge to help the person
overcome their dysfunction.
3. JUSTICE :
The duty of the
health provider
to ensure that
justice is done to
the individuals in her care.
This involves equal and unbiased
care, respect for autonomy, and
the duty to provide the correct
information to the best of her
knowledge if called upon by a court
of law.
INFORMED CONSENT
Authorization by the patient or patient
legal representative to do something
to the
patient.
Explanation of the treatment
procedure to
be performed and expected result of
treatment .
Description of risk.
Name of PT.
Person giving consent must have the
opportunity to have all questions
answered.
CONFIDENTIALY
PT has duty to keep it a
secret the harmful or
embarrassing information
revealed by the patient.
Commitment to honoring
confidences can be momentous
challenge.
ECONOMIC :
Therapist weigh her
treatment
option judiciously.
QUESTIONS
ETHICAL ISSUES IN
RESEARCH
Research ethics involves the
application
of fundamental ethical principles to a
variety of topics involving scientific
research.
These include the design and
implementation of research involving
human experimentation, animal
experimentation, various aspects of
academics.
BELMONT report :
1974
Respect for person ,
justice,
Beneficence.
ICMR a regulatory body for
research in India.
Why
ethics important in
1.
research?
CONFIDENTIALITY
Protect confidential
communications, such as papers
or
grants submitted for publication.
Personnel records.
Trade or military secrets.
Patient records.
PROCESS OF INFORM
CONSENT
Procedure.
Risk and benefits.
Alternatives.
Withdrawel.
HUMAN SUBJECT
PROTECTION
When conducting research on
human subjects, minimize harms
and risks and maximize benefits.
Respect human dignity, privacy,
and autonomy;
Take special precautions with
vulnerable populations; and
Strive to distribute the benefits
and burdens of research fairly.
HONESTY
INTEGRITY
Keep your promises and agreements
Act with sincerity.
Strive for consistency of thought
and
action.
OBJECTIVITY
Strive to avoid bias in
CAREFULLNESS
Avoid careless errors and negligence.
Carefully and critically examine your
own work and the work of your peers.
Keep good records of research
activities,
such as data collection, research
design,
and correspondence with agencies or
journals.
OPENNESS
Share data, results, ideas,
tools,
resources.
Be open to criticism and new
ideas.
RESPECT FOR
INTERLECTUAL PROPERTY
Honour patents, copyrights, and other
RESPONSIBLE
PUBLICATION
RESPONSIBLE
MENTORING
Help to educate, mentor, and
advise students.
Promote their welfare and
RESPECT COLLEAGUES
Respect your colleagues
and
Treat them equally.
SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY
To promote social good .
Prevent or mitigate social
NON DISCRIMINATION
Avoid discrimination against
COMPETENCE
Maintain and improve
your own professional
competence and
expertise through
lifelong education and
learning.
LEGALITY
Know and obey relevant
laws .
Institutional .
Governmental policies
ANIMAL CARE
Examples:
Publishing the same paper in two different
journals without telling the editors
Not informing a collaborator of your intent
to file a patent in order to make sure that
you are the sole inventor
Including a colleague as an author on a
paper in return for a favour even though the
colleague did not make a serious
contribution to the paper
Bypassing the peer review process and
announcing your results through a press
conference without giving peers adequate
information to review your work
QUESTIONS
ETHICAL ISSUES IN
ACADEMICS
CLINICAL EDUCATION
PHYSICAL THERAPY
PERSONNEL PROVIDE
SERVICES IN AN ETHICAL
AND LEGAL MANNER
The clinical education site
sensitive to issues of
individual and cultural
diversity in clinical education.
The clinical education site
facilitates growth of clinical
educators by providing
educational opportunities
related to clinical education .
Students in clinical
Possible use of
information technology
includes e-mail, voice
mail, computer
documentation, and
electronic pagers.
Support services
PHYSICAL THERAPIST:
Job descriptions.
always praise in public and
reprimand in private.
Organizational chart clearly
identifies the lines of
communication to be used by
the student .
Organizational charts should
also reflect all personnel
relationships.
Ragging
1: Physical therapists
respect the rights and
dignity of all individuals.
Information
Informed consent
confidentiality
access to data
health education
therapists provide an
honest, competent and
accountable professional
service
Physical therapists ensure
patients/clients understand
the nature of the service
being provided, especially the
anticipated costs, both time
and financial.
standards of practice .
Physical therapists shall
participate in ongoing education
to enhance their basic knowledge
and to provide new knowledge.
Physical therapists shall support
Physical therapists
therapists
provide.shall
participate in public education
programmers, providing
information about the
profession.
Principle 8: Physical
therapists contribute to the
planning and development
of services which address
the health needs of the
APTA
GUIDELINES FOR
PROFESSIONAL
CONDUCT :
The interpretations expressed in this
Guide reflect the opinions, decisions, and
advice of the Ethics and Judicial
Committee.
PRINCIPLE1.A physical
therapist shall respect the
rights and dignity of all
individuals and shall provide
compassionate care.
Attitudes of a Physical Therapist
A. A physical therapist shall
recognize, respect, and respond to
individual and cultural differences
with compassion and sensitivity.
PRINCIPLE 2
A physical therapist shall act
in a trustworthy manner
towards patients/clients, and in
all other aspects of physical
Patient/Physical Therapist
therapy
practice .
Relationship .
Truthfulness
Confidential Information .
Patient Autonomy and Consent
PRINCIPLE 3: A physical
therapist shall comply with
laws and regulations
governing physical therapy
and shall strive to effect
changes
that
benefit
Professional Practice .
patients/clients.
Just Laws and Regulations .
Unjust Laws and
Regulations .
PRINCIPLE 4 A physical
therapist shall exercise
sound professional
judgment :
Professional Responsibility .
Direction and Supervision .
Practice Arrangements .
Gifts and Other Consideration.
PRINCIPLE 5 :A physical
therapist shall achieve and
maintain professional
competence.
Scope of Competence .
Self-assessment.
Professional Development .
PRINCIPLE 6 :A physical
therapist shall maintain
and promote high
standards for physical
therapy
practice,
Professional
Standards .
education
Practice . and research.
Professional Education .
Continuing Education .
Research
PRINCIPLE 7 : A physical
therapist shall seek only such
remuneration as is deserved
and reasonable for physical
therapy services.
Business and Employment
Practices .
Endorsement of Products or
Services .
Disclosure .
Accurate and
Information
PRINCIPLE
8 : Relevant
A physical
therapist
to
the
Patient.
shall provide and make available
Accurateand
and relevant
Relevant Information
accurate
to
the
Public
.
information to patients/clients
about their care and to the public
about physical therapy services.
PRINCIPLE 9 : A physical
therapist shall protect the
public and the profession from
unethical, incompetent, and
illegal acts.
Consumer Protection .
PRINCIPLE 10 : A physical
therapist shall endeavor to
address the health needs of
society.
Pro Bono Service .
Individual and Community
Health
PRINCIPLE 11 :A physical
therapist shall respect the
rights, knowledge, and skills of
colleagues and other
healthcare professionals.
Consultation .
Patient/Provider Relationships .
Disparagement .
ETHICAL
GUIDELINES FOR
IAP
Physiotherapist shall
Physiotherapist shall
refer the patient to
appropriate specialist
whenever
problem/symptoms of
the diseases of the
patient demand.
Physiotherapist shall
Physiotherapist shall
provided accurate
information to the patient or
to the next relative if
required about the problem
and specific physiotherapy
management of that
individuals problem if
required.
The physiotherapy
Physiotherapist shall
requirements of program
patients, institutional policies,
laws and sponsors.
Physiotherapist shall
professional conduct.