TELECOMMUNICATION

History of telecommunication

ADVANTAGES
Reduction of travelling costs and time.
Efficiency
Enhance collaboration and
communication among individuals both
inside and outside an organization.
Customer Relationship
Flexibilty
Speed of transfer of data and
information compared to other means.

DISADVANTAGES
Remote areas do not have access .
Cannot see facial expressions,
therefore leads to misunderstandings
Poor connections or downed
powerlines during/after storms
Prank calls

TOP TELECOM COMPANIES

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

 Transmitting/receiving voice and data using

electromagnetic waves in open space.
The information from sender to receiver is carried
over a well defined frequency band(channel).
Each channel has a fixed frequency bandwidth &
capacity(bit rate).
Different channels can be used to transmit
information in parallel and independently.

How communication takes

place?
satellite
Transmitting signal

Transmitting
antenna

Received signal

Receiving

WHY WIRELESS COMMUNICATION?

No bunch of wires running from here and there.
Auto Magical instantaneous communication
without physical connection setup e.g.Bluetooth, Wi-Fi.
Global coverage
Communication can reach where wiring is
infeasible or costly
e.g.- rural areas,buildings,battlefield,outerspace.
Stay connected,flexiblity to connect multiple
devices.

Types of Network:
PAN

LAN

MAN

WAN

Personal
Area Network

Local
Area Network

Metropolitan
Area Network

Wide
Area Network

Bluetooth-802.15
Infrared, RFID

802.11b
802.11a

802.11b/a
802.16
LMDS/MMDS

GSM/(E)GPRS
UMTS/3G
802.20

Medium-High cost

High cost
Long distances

Low cost

Medium cost

Short distances

Medium distances

Med-long distances

< 1 Mbps

2 to 54+ Mbps

22+ Mbps

Computer-computer and to the

Fixed, last-mile,

Cable Replacement,
Cordless telephony in
Emerging market

Internet, Low mobility, IT Intensive,

security issue, NRT services

low mobility

10 to 384 Kbps+
Full mobility, ubiquitous cov.,
High security, Easy to use

Technologies Used:
Wireless data communications
technologies include:

Bluetooth
Wireless LAN and WAN
Satellite
WI-FI
Infrared
RFID

Bluetooth:
1998
Short range wireless connectivity.
Security is not great.
Which device are you connecting to?

Very easy to use.

Connection is fast and simple.
Good for short transfers
2.4 GHz band

WI-FI

Satellite Networks

 RFID
Very short range (10 meters) sensor
technology used to supplement bar-code
reader type applications

Infrared
Short range, usually line-of-sight, non-RF
technology, used mostly for wireless remote
control, or wire replacement applications

New Developments
NFC
Zigbee

NFC:
NFC (Near Field Communications)
Short distance, secure, low speed transmission
protocol, intended for identification and
authorization transactions.
Similar to Bluetooth, but lower bandwidth.
Proposed as a control signal protocol to
facilitate set up of ad-hoc connections using
other protocols (e.g. Bluetooth, infrared) for
transmission
Pioneered by DoCoMo and Phillips. Nokia says
they will add NFC chipsets to their devices in
future

Zigbee:
Promoted by the ZigBee Alliance
Very low power (and low speed) short
distance (10m) transmission standard
Operates in 868-918 KHz, and 2.4GHz bands
using 802.15.4 PAN standards
Targets self-configuring, ad-hoc networking
between consumer devices (e.g. RC toys,
Computer peripherals), sensors and monitors,
Low power means low cost and very long (up
to years!) battery life making place and
forget device applications feasible