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1 3 OSI

1 3 OSI

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1 3 OSI

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(5)

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1 4

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1 4

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1 4

1
2
3
4
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1 4

1 / (CSMA/CD)

CSMA/CD(Carrier
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1 4

1 4

1

OSI

(1) (repeater)

(2) (bridge)

(3) (router)

(4) (gateway)

( )

1 4
2

ISO OSI TCP/IP

IP(Internet Protocol) IP

1 4

1 Ethernet

10BASE-5 10Mbps
500

2 Ethernet

10BASE-2 10Mbps
200

1 4

3 Ethernet
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3 5
4
1 RJ-45
2 AUI BNC

1 4

1 FDDI

2 ATM
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3 /

1 5

2
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1 5

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1 5

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1 5

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1 6 Internet

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ARPANET( ARPA )
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Internet
Internet

1 6 Internet

Internet
(1) (E-mail)

(2) (Telnet))
Internet

1 6 Internet

(3) (FTP)
FTP Internet

(4)
Internet
(Archie) (Gopher)
(WAIS)
(WWW)
(5) (USENET)
(6)

1 6 Internet

TCP/IP
Internet TCP/IP
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
IP(Internet Protocol)
TCP/IP TCP/IP

(1) TCP/IP ( )

1 6 Internet

1 6 Internet

TCP/IP

DNS(Domain Name System) IP
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
TELNET(Telecommunication network)
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

TFTP(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)

UDP(User Data-gram Protocol)

1 6 Internet

IP(Internet Protocol)

ICMP(Internet Control Message

Protocol) IP
ARP(Address Resolution Protocol) IP

RARP(Reverse ARP)
IP ;

1 6 Internet

IP
1 IP
Internet TCP/IP Internet
IP
1 IP
IP
( IP
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IP

1 6 Internet

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1 6 Internet

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16

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1 6 Internet

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191.254.255.1
223.255.254.
IP
126.255.255.254 191.254.255.254
23.255.254.254

1 6 Internet
2 (DNS)
Internet DNS( )

IP
Internet (DNS Domain Name System)
(
)
Internet
DNS
IP IP
DNS (
) . .

1 6 Internet

( ) Internet
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uestc.edu.cn ( .
. )
panda.uestc.edu.cn
panda panda (
)

1 6 Internet
root domain

com

edu

net

au

cn

edu

uestc

1 6 Internet

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ru be

in

edu es fl

il

gov
ch
de

jp

mil
gb
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no

net at it

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1 6 Internet
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(
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IP
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1 6 Internet
2

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1 6 Internet
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E-mail
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1 6 Internet
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Internet

1 6 Internet
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Internet IP
TCP/IP
IP
PPP(Point to Point Protocol)
SLIP(Series Line Internet Protocol)

ISP
PPP/SLIP PPP SLIP
PPP

1 6 Internet
WWW
1 WWW

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Web
Web Web Web
3D

Web Web

1 6 Internet

(
)

Web WWW

WWW (Page) Internet

Web Web

1 6 Internet
(Hyperlink) WWW Internet Web

5.4.1
WWW

HomePage WWW
Web
Web Web

(URL)
http://www.pku.edu.cn/

1 6 Internet
WEB

1 6 Internet
2 (HTML)

(HTML Hyper Text Markup

Language) WWW

3 (HTTP)

(HTTP Hyper Text Transfer

Protocol) Web WWW
( Client) Web (
Server) HTTP
HTTP Web
Web HTTP

1 6 Internet
4 (URL)

(URL Universal Resource

Locator) WWW
HTML URL
Hyperlink( ) URL
(
) URL
URL
WWW
URL Internet
URL Internet
gopher HTTP

1 6 Internet

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< >://< IP >/< >
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http://www.computerworld.co.cn/
http://www.microsoft.com/backoffice
http:// www.microsoft.com/catalog/ oders.htm
ftp://ftp.netscape.com/
ftp://orion.bureau.gov/stars/alpha/starlist.txt

http
ftp

news

telnet
gophor
wais

IP IP

1 6 Internet

5 Web Web

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Microsoft Internet
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Web Web Web
Web URL Web
Web (HTML)
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HTML

1 6 Internet
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HTML(HyperText Markup Language)
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HTML URL Internet Web

Internet

1 6 Internet
2 HTML
(1) HTML
HTML HTML (
)
( )

1 6 Internet
NAME /NAME

NAME
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h1 /h1 h1
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1 6 Internet
(2) HTML

1 6 Internet

(3) HTML
HTML
HTML
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HTML ... ...
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</HTML>
(4) HTML
HTML ASCII
DOS HTML .HTM Windows 95 Windows
NT UNIX .HTML

1 6 Internet

3 Web
HTML Web HTML
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Internet</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<CENTER> <IMG SRC="international.gif" WIDTH=180 HEIGHT=93> </CENTER>
<P>
<FONT SIZE=5> <B> <CENTER> Internet </CENTER> </B> </FONT>
<P>
<FONT SIZE=3>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Web Internet Web
Web
<P>
Internet

<P>

1 6 Internet

<A HREF="tutorial/default.htm"> </A> Web

<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.msn.com"> </A> MSN Web
<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com"> </A> Microsoft
Web
<BR>
<A HREF="access/allinone.asp"> </A> Internet Web

</BLOCKQUOTE> </FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>

HTML Web 5.4.24

Web 5.4.25 Web
Microsoft Web 5.4.26 Web

1 6 Internet

1
1999 7 14 CNNIC
Internet 99.7
1999 6 30 146
400 241M

CNNIC

( ) http://www.sina.com.cn
( ) http://www.sohu.com ( http://www.sohoo.com.cn )
( )263: http://www.263.net

1 6 Internet
( ) http://www.yahoo.com
( ) http://www.nease.net (netease.com, 163.com )
( )163: http://www.163.net
( ) : http://gbchinese.yahoo.com
( ) : http://www.cpcw.com
( ) : http://www.online.sh.cn
( )21cn: http://www.21cn.com
( )chinabyte: http://www.chinabyte.com
( ) : http://www.cctv.com
http://www.cnnic.net.cn
19

1 6 Internet
2

(1) YAHOO http://www.yahoo.com/

YAHOO Internet

(2) ALTAVISTA http://www.altavista.digital.com/

ALTAVISTA 1995 12
ALTAVISTA

ALTAVISTA

1 6 Internet
(3) LYCOS http://www.lycos.com/

LYCOS
(4) http://www.searchenginewatch.com/