MPW 1153/2153

MORAL EDUCATION
SCHOOL OG GENERAL
STUDIES

CHAPTER 1:
UNDERSTANDING
MORALS

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Values

Ethics
Definition
Definition
Morals

UNDERSTANDING
MORALS

Moralit
y
Akhlak

BasicConcept
Concept
Basic
OfEthics
Ethics
Of
Normative
Statement

Descriptive
Statement

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Contexts

**Instrumental
Instrumentalvalue
value
*Intrinsic
*Intrinsicvalue
value

Basic Concept
Of Value

Forms

*Subjective
*Subjectivevalue
value
*Objective
*Objectivevalue
value

Functions

*Relative
*Relativevalue
value
*Absolute
*Absolutevalue
value

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CONTENT
1.1 Definition of - Morals
- Morality
- Ethics
- Manners
1.2 Statement - Normative
- Descriptive
1.3 Basic Concept of Value
1.4 Types of Moral Value Compared
- Instrumental and Intrinsic
- Subjective and Objective
- Relative and Absolute

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Morals
Morals
Moral is teaching, regulation
group and resolution, oral or
written about how the person
should live and act so that
it becomes a good person.
It concerned with the principles of:
Right and wrong behaviour,
Able to understand the differences between right and wrong,
Teaching or illustrating right behaviour,
Practical lesson that a story, an event or an experience teaches.

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Morality
Morality
It means principles concerning
right and wrong or good and
bad behaviour.
For example, baby who is the newborn or children at
level before experiencing the process of learning, doesn't
have the moral feeling. Similarly with the crazy person.

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Ethics

It is a moral principles that govern

or influence a person behavior

According to William Lillie, (1957: 1-2) ethics is a

science of the conduct of human beings living in
societies which, also judge this conduct to be right
or wrong.
It is responsible determining a person
action, whether good or bad..

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Ethics
Ethics

Ethics -a guide in human life.

For example:
medical ethics means a code applied by
medical practitioner to organize and
regulate the doctor-patient relationship.

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Basic Concept of Ethics

It means verifying the differences between facts and

values apart from concerning the statements, which
enlightened the value judgment on how a person
should behave.
It can be divided into :
1. Normative Statements
2. Descriptive Statements

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Normative
NormativeStatements
Statements
A type of statement that is either justifiable or unjustifiable
values judgment. These may include true or false, good or
bad, truth or lies, acceptable or unacceptable.
Example:
1. Incest is an immoral act.
2. A good person never involve in corruption
3.Abortion is immoral act

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There is a normative stateme-direct effect
towards behaviour.
Example:
1. We should help those in need. Therefore, we should
be kind toward those in need.
2. Each individual have a right to ownership. Therefore
we should not deprived of other person belongings without
permission.

Normative statement
in form of instruction or order.

Example:
1. Observe the schools regulation.
2. No parking. A fine RM 1000

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Descriptive
DescriptiveStatement
Statement
A type of statement which is free from any value judgment.
Also known as Non-Normative Statement,
it was made on factual basis.

Example:
1. The fire is hot.
2. The color of car is red.

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Values
Values

values is moral or
professional standards of behaviour.

For example : Professional value such as

knowledge, creativity, innovativeness etc.

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Basic
BasicConcept
ConceptofofValue
Value
Value is:
belief and the confidence a person towards to the other person
institution which obeys regulation, the choice and
primary value of society.
Value:
-Principle of formation of attitude,
-Perception of motivation,
-Attitude that is shown by a person
-Symbol to something to rely on a person
whether positive or negative

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Functions

Shows the direction

to a person how he should behave
towards others,

As a guide in conflicts
resolution, and in
making decision.

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If Ahmad appreciates value loves

And appreciate life

himself and others.

EXAMPLE

He will be
encouraged to take
care

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For example :
If Ahmad appreciates value loves
the life, he will be encouraged take care and
appreciate life itself and others.

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Types
TypesofofMoral
MoralValues
ValuesCompared
Compared

The term value is used in three different context :

Value as an attribute

Value in axiology context

Value as a measure

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when it
passes,
you
cannot
chase it.

Value as an
attribute.

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Time is
money
Time
cant be
increased

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Value as a measure of price or of marks assigned to something, example of
quantity

Value as a
measure

the total marks (quantity) given to the officer by the head of

department when the latter assessed your work performance

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Value as an axiology
context

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MORAL AND VALUES

MORAL
-Something that relate the human values
& behaviour

VALUES
-Family oriented, things you
learned at home

-Moral is universal, not written. I.e

respect, tell truth

-Not universal, different in

different family

-Cant change

-Family values change acc. To

time, place

-Comes from storyie. The Boy who

cried wolf

-Not written, I.e. friends, go

back home

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Instrumental (Extrinsic)
and Intrinsic Values.
TYPEValues
OF VALUES
Instrumental (Extrinsic) Values
These value are used t Intrinsic Value
Inherent
goodness
The ends justify the means show the relationship
between
value
-Quality received or rejected
-Quality received or rejected as
solely because it is good or bad
instrumental to achieve certain
without considering its effect.
objective.
-Dependent on other value to
achieve certain objective.
-vs.

-Not dependent on other values

to achieve certain objective.

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Example OF Extrinsic value:
a) Bombing of Hiroshima to end the Second
World War.
b) Imposing the death penalty for drug
traffickers to stamp out drug trafficking activities.

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Example 0f Intrinsic value:

A judge passes a death by hanging sentence on a person found guilty of
trafficking drugs purely because it is obligatory for the judge to do so,
according to the provision of the law, and not because the judge himself also
wishes to stamp out the trafficking of drugs.

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Subjective Values and Objective Values

These values are used to show the relationship between values.
Objective Value
Subjective Values
Public oppinion
Personal view
-Quality accepted or rejected by
someone who gives his views.

-Quality that may be valuable or not

valuable but free from personal
choice.

-Accepted or rejected on the basis

of an individuals opinion.

-Accepted or rejected on
the basis of a set of criteria agreed
upon by all or a majority of people.

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Example :
The USAs desire to attack Iraq. Britain said that the US should attack Iraq for
the sake of long-term peace in the world so that Iraq could not continue to
produce weapons of mass destruction. France, on the other hand, said that the
US should not attack Iraq because such an attack Iraq because such an attack
would sacrifice the lives of many innocent people in Iraq.

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Example :
a) War is a horrible
tragedy
b) Child labour is a cruel
practice which must
be abolished.

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Relative Values and Absolute Values.

Relative Values
Differs
& can
change
over
timeby
-Quality
accepted
rejected
-Value accepted
ororrejected
by
someone who gives his views.
or in
rejected
on the
basis to
-Accepted
regulations
a society
in order
of
an individuals
opinion.
achieve
certain societal
objective.

Absolute Value
Constant at all times and in all places
-Quality that may be valuable or not
-Value the worth of which is not
valuable but free from personal
or rejected
on the
- choice.
related Accepted
to the customs
of a certain
basis of a set of criteria agreed upon
society.
by all or a accepted
majority and
of people.
-Generally

tested or proven to be good or bad.

-ItExample
is arbitrary, not perfect, and
Example
differs in other society. Can change
-Constant at all times and in all
with time.
places and in almost all norms of
society.

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Example (AbsoluteValue)
Living as a legally married
couple is a good practice.

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Example (relative Value)

-In Kuala Lumpur, a family can develop
only through an official marriage of a couple.
-On the other hand, in California, a family can
be formed without an official marriage.

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