LOGO

OBJECTIVE OF THE NREGA

NREGA - Overview
Salient Features

Employment to all those who are willing to work (100 days)

Free registration with a job guarantee within 15 days of application

At least 1/3rd of the employees must be women

Fixed minimum wage rate and no upper limit

Weekly disbursement of wages and delays not beyond a fortnight

Unlimited supply of funds for this project

 Registration in writing or orally to the local Gram Panchayat
 The Gram Panchayat after due verification will issue a Job
Card
 The Job Card should be issued within 15 days of application.
 Employment will be given within 15 days of application for
work
 Work should ordinarily be provided within 5 km radius of the
village
 Wages are to be paid according to the Minimum Wages Act
1948
NREGA GOALS

 Empowerment of rural poor through the

processes of a rights-based Law
 Growth engine for sustainable development of
an agricultural economy.
 Through the process of providing employment
on works that address causes of chronic poverty
such as drought, deforestation and soil erosion
 The natural resource base of rural livelihood
and create durable assets in rural areas
 MGNREGA
In its fourth year, NREGA has been rechristened after
Mahatma Gandhi in a move which marks Congress’s
tribute to the Father of the Nation and is also expected
to stall rivals from appropriating its pro-poor flagship
scheme. Announcing the decision at a conference of
panchayat members to commemorate the birth
anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi on Friday, Prime
Minister Manmohan Singh called it apt as Gandhi held
the concept of ‘gram swaraj’ in high esteem. An
amendment will be tabled in the winter session of
Parliament to prefix NREGA with ‘Mahatma Gandhi’.
Objective of NREGA

Unemployment Sustained Development

• Create rural assets
• Enhancement of
• Create livelihood
livelihood security of
resource base
households • Restore environment
• Arrest rural migration
Expectations from
NREGA
Primary
Supplement employment opportunities
Auxiliary
 Regenerate natural resource
base
of rural livelihood for
sustainable Process
development Outcomes
Strengthen grass root
processes of democracy
 Infuse transparency and
accountability
in governance
COVERAGE

 The Act was notified in 200 districts in the first phase

with effect from February 2nd 2006 and then extended to
additional 130 districts in the financial year 2007-2008
NREGA COVERAGE (1st Nationwide employment scheme )
State and Local Government
State Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (REGS)

• 25 per cent of the cost of material and wages for semi-

skilled/ skilled workers

• Unemployment allowance if the state is unable to

provide employment within 15 days

• Administrative expenses of the State Employment

Guarantee Council
Other
Institutions
State District
Ministry of Governmen Panchayats
Rural t
Rural District
Developme Programm Gram
Employm
nt ent e Co- Sabha
coordinat (GS)
Guarante or (DPC)
e
Central Scheme District Programm
(REGS)
Employme Panchayat e Officer
s (PO)
nt
Guarantee Intermedi
Council State ate
Others
(CEGC) Employm Panchayat
(IP)
ent
Guarante
e Council Gram
Panchayat
(SEGC) (GP)
 At least one-third beneficiaries shall be women who
have registered
 Work site facilities such as crèche, drinking water,
shade have to be provided
 The shelf of projects for a village will be
recommended by the gram sabha and approved by the
zilla panchayat
 At least 50% of works will be allotted to
Gram Panchayats for execution
 A 60:40 wage and material ratio has to be
maintained. No contractors and machinery
is allowed
Key Stakeholders

 i) Wage seekers
 ii) Gram Sabha
 iii) PRIs, specially the gram panchayat
 iv) Programme Officer at the block level
 v) District Programme Coordinator
 vi) State Government
 vii) Ministry of Rural Development
The Gram Panchayat’s responsibility
i) Planning of works
ii) Receiving applications for registration
iii) Verifying registration applications
iv) Registering households
v) Issuing Job Card
vi) Receiving applications for employment
vii) Issuing dated receipts,
viii) Allotting employment within fifteen days of application
ix) Executing works
x) Maintaining records
xi) Convening the Gram Sabha for social audit
x) Monitoring the implementation of the Scheme at the village level
Generation of job card
OUTCOMES
 Demand for Employment met (until
March 2007)
Employment Demanded: 2.12 crore HHs
3500000
Employment Provided: 2.10 crore HHs
3000000

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0
AP

HP

UP
TN
MP
Ar. P.

WB
J&K
Bihar

a
a
at

Sikkim
m

ra
ur

am

chal
ana

land

than
alaya
isgarh

Or iss
at aka
hand

Ker al

ra

Punja
Gujar
Assa

Tripu
Manip
rasht

Mizor
Har ay

Uttran
Naga

Rajas
Jhark

Megh
Kar an
Chat t

Maha

E m p lo ym e n t D e m a n d e d [M a r, 2 0E0m7 ]p lo ym e n t P ro v id e d [M a r, 2 0 0 7 ]
Significant Increase in Person-days
Generated Person-days in crores
1 2 3 4
Person-days SGRY in Average Person-days NREGA in
generated 586 per year in 586 distts: 200 districts
districts (SGRY+ NFFWP)
(2005-06) . (2001-06) (2006-07)

Total 82.18 83.3 90.4

Average per 0.14 0.142 0.45
District
More than three times increase in employment generation per district
under NREGA
Primary Objective of NREGA to augment employment generation met
 100.0
120.0

20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0

0.0
A.P

AR. PRADESH

ASSAM

BIHAR

GUJARAT
Employment

HARYANA

H.P

J&K

KARNATAKA

KERALA

M.P

MAHARASHTRA

MANIPUR

MEGHALAYA

MIZORAM

NAGALAND

ORISSA

PUNJAB

RAJASTHAN
Share of ST & SC >61. 77%
ST > 36.38% / SC > 25.39%

SIKKIM
Major Share of SC/ST HHs in

TAMIL NADU

TRIPURA

U.P

W.BENGAL

CHHATTISGARH

JHARKHAND
At least 1/3rd of the beneficiaries shall be women who have
registered and requested for work under the Scheme
(NREGA ACT, Schedule II, Section 6)

Actual
achievement WOMEN
40%

OTHERS Better than

60% target
Participation of
Women •Tamil Nadu (82%)

WOMEN •Rajasthan (69%)

40% •Kerala (67%)

•Andhra Pradesh (56%

•Karnataka (52%)

•Gujarat (49%)

•UP (15%)

•J&K(1%)
National average: 40%

Highest shares: Tamil Nadu

81%
Rajasthan
67%
Kerala
66%
Andhra Pradesh
55%

Lowest shares: 17% Bihar

Uttar Pradesh
17%
Himachal Pradesh
12%
4% Jammu & Kashmir
Share of Women in NREGA Employment
 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
AP
Ar. P
Assam
Bihar
Chat tis
garh
Guj ara
t
Har ya
na
HP
Workforce

J&K
Jharkh
an d
Kar an
at aka
K er ala

National Average
MP
Mahar
a stra
Manip
ur
Mizora
m
Nagal
and
Or issa
Punj a
b
Rajast
han
Sikkim

TN
Tripur
a
UP
Uttran
ch al
WB
Significant Share of Women in

Employment provided to women [% age of total employment provided] upto MAR-2007

State wise performance
 NREGA Progress
Date: July 12, 2006

Sl. No. State Districts Rural households Applications Job cards Employment provided No. of works Funds released
1 Andhra Pradesh 13 6104032 3954522 3954522 704101 22063 20000
2 Arunachal Pradesh 1 7905 45070 16256 272.85
3 Assam 7 923966 160897 104383 6990 534 13970.845
4 Bihar 23 8943456 2401836 1071522 505281 17619 40503.38
5 Chattisgarh 11 1792584 1696860 1534636 162480 9671 17321.72
6 Gujarat 6 1596636 604695 597028 73791 1716 4113.94
7 Harayana 2 304178 81489 76421 15573 288 913.39
8 Himachal Pradesh 2 167349 70084 62408 24848 2249 683.64
9 Jammu & Kashmir 3 319692 169038 65531 4127 283 986.365
10 Jharkhand 20 3806040 1755005 1171831 467832 9451 37618.59
11 Karanataka 5 1484815 572892 315412 118810 3678 6329.69
12 Kerala 2 603527 225133 2179.51
13 Madhya Pradesh 18 3890287 4281258 4144413 1804953 69783 93617.22
14 Maharashtra 12 3706706 4139778 1094659 183075 6152 17961.645
15 Manipur 1 22299 45172 17880 570.89
16 Meghalaya 2 109577 2064.68
17 Mizoram 2 22828 41808 29016 298.9
18 Nagaland 1 48697 430.11
19 Orissa 19 3503354 2702290 1900553 563681 23559 31516.56
20 Punjab 1 237480 39318 33375 21284 976 755.75
21 Rajasthan 6 1461606 1443720 1423013 846263 13809 40000
22 Sikkim 1 7955 4696 4696 451.5
23 Tamil Nadu 6 1811557 541568 535519 82009 668 9889.21
24 Tripura 1 57709 62736 58114 16218 327 1456.66
25 Utttar Pradesh 22 9021545 1950901 1641250 466726 15627 33498.69
26 Uttranchal 3 211495 282182 176636 6206 1739 1910.6
27 West Bengal 10 7374151 3322241 1149145 495493 3305 18358.84
TOTAL 200 57541426 30595189 21178219 6569741 203497 397675.175

# In column applications are for registration of households

# Blank spaces in the table denote information not received from States

Index:
1. Funds released pertain to 2006-7 [in lakh Rs.]
Funds
 Funds
NREGA ‘09 Budget Allocation -39,000 Cr.

Central Govt. provides only 75% of the material costs,

promoting labour intensive works in NREGA
 Components of Expenditure
• Material Cost
• Tamilnadu and Mizoram have achieved
almost Zero expense on material
• Orissa has high Material expenses owing to
“royalties”
• Expenditure on Wages
• Administrative expenses
• Nagaland and Gujarat have high
administrative expenses
A Snapshot for 07-08
Payment through Smart
cards
 Based on new generation Near Field
Communications (NFC) mobile
phones; contact-less RFID smart
cards and integrated biometrics.
 Alternate option of attaching
fingerprint scanner + card reader to
a PC or PoS.
Technology (M/s Fino)
Receipt lt Slot
Generation

Slot to
Code
capture
thumb print

Arrow Key
Slot to insert
for starting
Operator /
the device
Customer card
 ASSETS CREATED UNDER NREGA
Type of Work Total works Works Ongoing Benefit Created
taken (no.) completed Works (no.)
(no.)
Water Conservation 266365 121921 144444737 Lakh Cu Mt.of water storage capacity
and Water Harvesting through Digging new tanks/Ponds
,percolation tanks ,Small Check Dams
Flood Control and 17113 10206 69073 Lakh Km of Drainage in wager logged
Protection areas through Construction & repair of
embankment
Micro Irrigation Works 27682 12151 15531.13 Lakh Km of canals

Provision of Irrigation 80794 27362 53432.16 Lakh Hectares of land provided with
facility to Land Owned irrigation facilities
by SC/ST
Renovation of 59924 25472 34452481 Lakh Cu Mt. of water storage capacity
Traditional Water through desilting of tanks/ponds ,desilting
bodies of old canals ,Desilting of traditional open
wells
Land Development 88557 43370 451873.35 Lakh Hectares of land leveling &
bunding
Drought Proofing 77305 30989 463163.45 Lakh Hectares of land Afforestation
and tree plantation
Rural Connectivity 179661 91244 884172.37 Lakh Km of Roads
Any Other activity. 33537 20776 12761
TOTAL 830938 383491 447447
Community Building
Building Rural India
Regenerating Natural Resource Base of Rural
Livelihood
 Highest Priority to Water Conservation in choice of
works under
4 NREGA
11
Water Conservation

(54%)
Provision of Irrigation facility to
Land Owned bySC/ST

21 Rural Connectivity
54 (10%)

Land Development
(21%)

Any Other activity

10
(11%)

(4%)
 Case : NREGA in Kerala
 Highest literacy rate (90.86)

 Very high rate of unemployment

 Tendency to link literacy to employment (myth)

 First implemented on 5th Feb 2006

 Only in 4 districts (Palakkad, Waynad, Idukki and

Kasargod)

 These districts had very low unemployment rate

Major features

 Popularity of Trade Unions

 Village Panchayats played the pivotal role with the help of

technical staffs

 Effectiveness of ‘Kudumbasree’
 Organized into Neighborhood group (NHG)  Area Development Society
(ADS)  Community Development Society (CDS)
 ADS played a pivotal part in NREGA
Major features

 Focus on eco-restoration works

 Wages are paid directly to individual bank

accounts
 Problems
 Lag in the implementation (only 4/14 districts)
Problems
 Minimal participation from SC’s and ST’s
 One of the lowest
 Strategy for Strengthening
Management Support to
 NREGA
Action Initiated
Central Employment Guarantee Council (CEGC) set up.
CEGC members actively involved in field visits, social
audit along with the State Government, District
officials: Jharkhand Ranchi, Lohardaga, Pulamao)
Chattisgarh (Sarguja, Bilaspur). Proposed to cover other
States: TN, MP, Orissa.
Executive Committee set up to expedite implementation
of Council decisions
Technical Secretariat to bring in multi -disciplinary
professional expertise outside Government systems to
provide resource support to the Ministry in critical areas,
inter alia Works design, National Data System, Social
audit, Monitoring evaluation
Need to adopt a Mission Mode to support
implementation

Strengthening of Programme Division in the Ministry

National Programme Coordinator

Adequate Officers for close monitoring and
supervision
National Data Centre
Key Functions
Conformity to statutory processes
Grievance Redressal
Follow up with States
MADHYA PRADESH, Sidhi
(Jatropha Plantation -
Nursery)
Qualitative monitoring
and studies by
professional
institutions
*Five institutions of repute identified to
undertake studies in 12 States
 Report to be submitted in 90 days
 Covering roughly 10 villages over 2
blocks and 20 households to be
covered in each village
 Details of Institutions
Indian Centre for IIM Bangalore Institute of Centre for
Institute of Budget & Human Development
Women’s Governance Development Alternatives
Studies Accountability

Objective Analyse women Monitor Identify Practical Process Suggestive

access to implementation issues of documentation; corrective
NREGA, assess of NREGA, implementation, assess impact of measures,
State Schemes, identify management NREGA on assess strengths
document labourimplementation and coordination wages, and weaknesses
market challenges faced through quick employment, in Schemes
conditions, by State Gov, surveys at the durable
assist design Local admn and worksites, assets;policy,
gender sensitive PRIs, increase village, recommendatio
works. awareness of conformity with ns; sensitise
NREGA, Act & Guidelines stakeholders

Coverage 2 distts of 1 distt. In AP, 2 1 in AP and 1 in 6 districts of 6 districts of

Orissa,Maharash each in Karnataka Bihar Gujarat
tra, TN, WB Chattisgarh, 58
Jharkhand, MP
 Road
Ahead
(Self Help Group at Nursery under
NREGS, Chattisgarh)
Initial Positive Trends
 Financial Inclusion: Savings accounts of wage
earners in Banks/Post Offices in some States:
AP( more than 20.00 lakh Post Office Accounts),
Karnataka ( entire Gulbarga NREG workforce with
Bank Accounts) , Jharkhand, TN

 Insurance of wage earners in some districts:

Pakur, Gumla, Ranchi ( Jharkhand)

 Developing Literacy skills among wage earners

(Raichur in Karnataka)

 Convergence with other development

programmes: Jetropha ( Chattisgarh, MP) Forest
Nurseries ( Udaipur in Rajasthan, Khandwa in MP)
Linkages with other Development
Initiatives
•Linkages with Development Programmes:

National Rural Health Mission: ASHA for awareness

generation about NREGA and health among NREGA
workforce
National Literacy Mission: Prerak of Literacy Programmes
for mobilising workforce and developing literacy skills in
NREGA workforce
•Linkages with other Livelihood and Infrastructure initiatives
Horticultural Projects
Watershed Management
Income Generation Projects to enable workers to move
from wage employment to self-sustaining employment: eg.
Tank excavation with pisciculture development by SHGs
 Insurance for NREGA workers
Increasing NREGA workers’ security thresholds by
extending cover of various life and health insurance
schemes
Act provides Rs 25000 compensation for death on
work site
Aim is to extend insurance cover beyond worksite to the
whole family.
Discussion on with LIC.
Opening Savings Accounts
of Wage-earners.
 Savings Accounts of workers’ in Banks and
Post offices to ensure greater
transparency in wage payment and
encourage thrift and small savings

 Dept of Posts has indicated need to

strengthen its Sub Post office/ Branch Post
Office through computerisation of Sub
Post office

 Service charge proposed by Dept of Posts

for opening wage earners’ accounts -
matter still under discussion
Progress Report
Implementation & Effectiveness of NREGA

33lakh works generated in 619 districts

Highest ever allocation of Rs 39,100 Cr

About 4.19 Cr rural households provided jobs

• Improved – ‘employment per rural household’, share of

women in workforce, expenditure per district, share of
wages in total expenditure
•Decreased % of ST’s benefiting from NREGA
•Increase in daily wages by whopping 15%
•Improved utilization of funds from 73% to 80%
• source -Times of india 28-01-2010
 Achievements
 Major progresses after 2007
Total corruption free implementation
Panchayats took the responsibility seriously
Implemented the programme very fast
Effectiveness of Kudumbasree system
Community of poor people
Created a feeling of unity among them
Doing work for their localities created an
urgency
Constraints
 Processes: Unintended Hierarchical roles
assumed by PRIS in approving plan of
works in NREGA in some states
o Causes delay in work plan approvals
by District and Intermediate
Panchayats as reported by State RD
Secretaries of Bihar, UP
o Superceding priorities of Gram Sabha
and Gram Panchayats reported in
several states
o Legacy mindset of SGRY and tendency
to follow Allocation based instead of
Demand driven approach
 Delivery Systems: No PRIS in Jharkhand
creates problems of institutional delivery at