Chapter 4: 1-2
Essential Questions:
1. Identify the major city-
states in Greece and their
contributions to Western
civilization.
2. Compare and Contrast the
results of the Persian and
Peloponnesian Wars with
regard to Athens.
Cities ●
– Athens
– Sparta
– Byzantium
– Thebes
– Delphi
– Troy
– Mycenae
– Knossos
Bodies of Water
– Aegean Sea
– Black Sea
– Mediterrane
an Sea
Battle Locations *
Thermopylae
Marathon
Salamis
Regions
Ionia – Red
Macedonia –
Green
Greece –
Yellow
Crete – Pink
Asia Minor -
Seas provided a link for
Geography of
to the outside world
through trade
Treatment of Brutal and harsh Believed Greeks were Debt slavery was
Slaves punishments, superior and owned common but outlawed
prisoners of war slaves by Solon
Greece
vs. Persia
A map of the Persian Wars, 490-479 B.C. Greek cities on the Aegean coast
attempted to free themselves from Persian control by calling on the
peninsula Greeks for help. The result was a war in which the Greeks defeated
the Persians in two different Persian invasions. In 490 B.C. under King Darius I
the first expeditionary force (black line) sailed from Melitus and landed at
Marathon (1) where a small Greek force drove them back. Ten years later,
Xerxes led an enormous Persian army by land (white line) while his fleet
(blue line) followed along the coast. A Greek army under the Spartan general
Leonidas held a narrow mountain pass at Thermopylae (2) for days, but a
Greek traitor showed Xerxes a route around the pass and from the rear he
attacked the Spartans, who fought to the last man. The Persians then
destroyed Athens as their fleet entered the Bay of Salamis (3), but
Themistocles, the Athenian leader of the combined Greek fleet, drew the
Persian ships into a trap and annihilated them in a historic battle. Then in 479
Persian Wars: Largest empire
in the world vs. small city-
states of Greece
Greek settlers in Asia 2. Thermopylae: 480 BC
Minor start a revolt – King Leondias and a small
Spartan force held the
– Persians decide to attack Persian Immortals led by
city-states Xerxes I off at a pass in
– Sparta and Athens push the between two mountains
Persians back through a – The Persians overtake
series of battles them, however it bought
the other city-states time to
1. Marathon: 490BC build larger armies
– Greeks, out numbered 2-1 2. 470s BC
defeat the Persians. – Salamis: Athenian navy
Pheidippides ran 26.2 miles destroys Persian navy and
to proclaim the victory. claims victory for the war.
Themistocles urged Athens – Plataea: A few months
to build a navy to protect later they formed the
their coasts. largest Greek army up to
that time and defeated the
Persian Army.
City-State and
Government Activity
The Greek city-states had a
variety of different types of
government over the years.
Create an advertisement for
your assigned city-state.
Include the following
Information:
– Government
How were they chosen?
What were the pros and cons? Etc.
– Way of Life
Education, Women, etc.
– Illustration
Age of Pericles
Following the Persian
Wars, Athens dominated
the Greece and was at
the height of its power.
– Delian League: alliance
between Greek city-states
formed as a result of the
Persian Wars to protect
against future attacks
Pericles established a
direct democracy in
Athens.
Sparta and Athens,
former allies against
Persian turn on each
other in the
Peloponnesian War
Peloponnesian
War
A map of the Peloponnesian War,
431-404 B.C. From their
beginnings, the Greek city-states
had tenaciously protected their
individual independence, and only
with reluctance had they formed
an alliance against the Persians.
After their defeat of the Persians, Athens and others broke with
tradition and formed a permanent union, the Delian League (green
areas), to prevent further Persian attacks. In a few years, the more
powerful Athens turned the league into its own empire, which
changed forever the ancient Greek political ideal. Sparta and its allies
(yellow areas) looked on such a coalition as a threat to their safety
which, according to the Athenian historian Thucydides, "drove them
to war." The result was a drain on the resources of both sides, and
the beginning of a series of destructive, internecine wars. The
weakened cities easily succumbed to King Philip of Macedon when he
Sparta allies with
Peloponnesian
Persia and
–
crushes Athens
Spartan victory
War
hurts democracy
and ends
Athenian
Greatness
– Sparta was
defeated by
Thebes
Results:
– Weakened Greek
city-states
invaded by the
Macedonians.
– Philip of Macedon
and his son
Alexander the Great
come to power.
Peloponnesian War
Activity
The Spartans and Athenians are campaigning to
gain support for their side during the Peloponnesian
War. Create propaganda posters for each side
detailing why various city-states throughout Greece
should join either side. Make sure to illustrate your
posters and tell the public at least three of the
strengths of the city-state. Make sure you create
one for Athens and one for Sparta.
The Culture of
Classical Greece
Essential Question: How do the achievements of
Classical Greece influence Western art and
thought today?
Chapter 4 Section 4
Pages 127-133
Religion
Affected every area of life
It was necessary to the
well-being of the state
There were twelve chief
gods and goddesses that
were thought to live on
Mt. Olympus
Define rituals:
Who was worshiped at
Olympia? Delphi?
Gods and Goddesses
Classical Greece
Art and Architecture History
Based on reason and harmony Herodotus, the father of history, wrote about the
Often found on pottery Persian Wars from the point of view of the
Greeks.
Lifelike statues of nude males were common
Sculptors achieved a standard of ideal beauty
Thucydides, non-biased, wrote about the
Temples are best examples of architecture
Peloponnesian Wars and tried to show both sides
Parthenon the most famous temple built to of the conflict.
honor Athena at the acropolis in Athens
He emphasized the accuracy of facts not the
gods and goddesses.