Bus Topology (cont.

)
The backbone functions as a shared communication
medium
Device wanting to communicate with another device on
the network sends a message onto the backbone
The message is heard by all stations, but only the
intended recipient actually accepts and processes the
message.
Terminator absorbs frames at end of medium
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Bus Topology (cont.)

Frame Transmission - Bus LAN
Example:

Station C want to
transmit a frame of
data to station A.

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Bus Topology (cont.)

Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages:
Simple, easy to use and construct
Requires least amount of cable (less expensive)

Disadvantages:
A faulty cable will take the entire LAN down
Difficult to troubleshoot
Heavy network traffic can slow bus considerably

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Star Topology
A physical Star topology connects the devices via a
centralized unit such as a Hub or Switch.
Nodes communicate across the network by passing
data through the central device.

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Star Topology (cont.)

Star Types

Broadcasted Star
Topology (Hubbed Star)

Switched Star Topology

(Switched Star)

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Star Topology (cont.)

Advantages
Single computer failure doesnt bring down whole
network.
Adding new devices to a Star network is very simple
compared to any of the other topologies.
No disruptions to the network when connecting or
removing devices.
Centralized control.
Centralized network/hub monitoring.
Easy to troubleshoot.
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Network Reference Models

A framework (guideline) for network implementation
and troubleshooting.
Divides complex functions into simpler components.
Importance of reference model:
Vendor interoperability standardization.
Better understanding of data transfer

Reference model types :

OSI (Open System Interconnection ).
TCP/IP (DOD Model)

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Network Reference Models (cont.)

Advantages of R.M
It divides the network communication process into
smaller and simpler components, thus aiding
component development, design, and troubleshooting.
It allows multiple-vendor development
standardization of network components.

through

It encourages industry standardization by defining what

functions occur at each layer of the model.
It allows various types of network hardware and
software to communicate.
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