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Nanotechnology
Mam ayesha shafiq
866 Madeeha Kiran
820 Ayesha Mushtaq
857 Maira Asghar Ali
834 Fiza Ahmad
835 Ramiza
825 Rida Shahzadi
BS(IT) 6th Semester
2012-2016
Telecommunication System

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Introduction

Nanotechnology draws its name from the prefix "Nano". Nano is a Greek word
meaning dwarf. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter a distance equal to two
to twenty atoms (depending on what type of atom) laid down next to each other.
Nanotechnology refers to manipulating the structure of matter on a length scale
of some small number of nanometers interpreted by different people at different
times as meaning anything from 0.1 nm (controlling the arrangement of
individual atoms) to 100 nm or more (anything smaller than micro technology).
At the small end of this scale the structure is controlled to atomic precisioneach atom is exactly where it should be for the optimum function of the
material or the device. The Foresight Institute is focused on this small end of
the scale: atomically-precise manufacturing or "molecular manufacturing".
Nanotechnology is helping to considerably improve even revolutionize many
technology and industry sectors information technology, energy, environmental
science, medicine, homeland security, food safety, and transportation, among
many others. Described below is a sampling of the rapidly growing list of
benefits and applications of nanotechnology.

History Of Nanotechnology
Thehistory of nanotechnologytraces the development of the
concepts and experimental work falling under the broad category of
nanotechnology. Although nanotechnology is a relatively recent
development in scientific research, the development of its central
concepts happened over a longer period of time. The emergence of
nanotechnology in the 1980s was caused by the convergence of
experimental advances such as the invention of thescanning
tunneling microscopein 1981 and the discovery offullerenesin 1985
with the elucidation and popularization of a conceptual framework
for the goals of nanotechnology beginning with the 1986 publication
of the bookEngines of Creation. The field was subject to growing
public awareness and controversy in the early 2000s, with prominent
debates about both itspotential implicationsas well as the feasibility
of the applications envisioned by advocates of molecular, and with
governments moving to promote andfund researchinto
nanotechnology. The early 2000s also saw the beginnings of
commercialapplications of nanotechnology although these were
limited to bulk applications ofnanomaterials rather than
thetransformativeapplications envisioned by the field.

Need For NanoTechnology

Allows the placements of small
structures placed with precision
simplicity and low cost.
Lead to economic growth
Enhance the national secure
Improve the quality
Leads to job creation

TYPES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology is ubiquitous and
pervasive. Its and emerging field in
all area of science, engineering and
technology. Some are given as
Nano electronics
Nano materials
Nano robotics
Nano biotechnology

APPLICATIONS OF NENO
TECHNOLOGY

Bateries
Better air quality
Chemical sensor
Clearner water
Fabric
Food
Fuel cells
Electronics
Medicine
Solar cells
Sporting good

Unconventional Use Of
Nenotechnology
Color changing paint
Computer storage
High resolation display
Molecular communication
Neno Art
Oil recover
Phone charging
Record Breaking
Sophisticated drug delivery

Advantages Of
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology can actually revolutionize a lot of
electronic products, procedures and applications. The
areas that benefit from the continued development of
nanotechnology when it comes to electronic products
include nano transistors, nano diodes, OLED, plasma
displays, quantum computers, and many more.
Nanotechnology can also benefit the energy sector.
The development of more effective energy-producing,
energy-absorbing and energy storage products in
smaller and more efficient devices is possible with
this technology. Such items like batteries, fuel cells,
and solar cells can be built smaller but can be made
to be more effective with this technology.

Advantages Of
Nanotechnology
Another industry that can benefit from
nanotechnology is the manufacturing sector that
will need materials like nanotubes, aerogels, nano
particles, and other similar items to produce their
products with. These materials are often stronger,
more durable, and lighter than those that are not
produced with the help of nanotechnology.
In the medical world, nanotechnology is also seen
as a boon since these can help with creating what
is calledsmart drugs. These help cure people
faster and without the side effects that other
traditional drugs have.

Nanotechnology Video

Disadvantages Of
Nanotechnology
Included in the list of disadvantages of this science and its development
is the possible loss of jobs in the traditional farming and manufacturing
industry.
You will also find that the development of nanotechnology can also
bring about the crash of certain markets due to the lowering of the value
of oil and diamonds due to the possibility of developing alternative
sources of energy that are more efficient and wont require the use of
fossil fuels. This can also mean that since people can now develop
products at the molecular level, diamonds will also lose its value since it
can now be mass produced.
Atomic weapons can now be more accessible and made to be more
powerful and more destructive. These can also become more accessible
with nanotechnology.
Since these particles are very small, problems can actually arise from
the inhalation of these minute particles, much like the problems a person
gets from inhaling minute asbestos particles.
Presently, nanotechnology is very expensive and developing it can cost
you a lot of money. It is also pretty difficult to manufacture, which is
probably why products made with nanotechnology are more expensive.

Top Down and Bottom Up

Approaches in
NanoTechnology
There are two approaches for synthesis of nano
material and fabrication of nano structure.
Top down
Approaches refer to slicing of a bluck material
to get nano sized particle.
Bottom up
Aapproaches refer to the build up of a material
from the bottom:atom by atom,molecule by
molecule or cluster by cluster.

Conclusion
Nanotechnology is often described as an
emerging technology-one that not only holds
promise for society, but also is capable of
revolutionizing our approaches to common
problems. Nanotechnology is not a completely
new field however, it is only recently that
discoveries in this field have advanced so far
as to warrant examination of their impact upon
the world around us.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_nanotechnol
ogy
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/secret_pro
jects/project207.htm
http://www.slideshare.net/jayly03/nanotechpresentation-7367980
http://nanotechnologyresearchfoundation.org/history
-and-future/
https://www.google.com.pk/search