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Dalu bangun f. 12110201

Nur apipah 12110202160
Cahyati 1211020172
Puput Aji T. 1211020167

CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM

DEFINITION
Cardiovascular system is circulatory system which

comprises the heart and blood vessels and carries nutrients

and oxygen to the tissues of the body and removes carbon
dioxide and other wastes from them.

ORGANS
HEART

The heart is the pump that ejects deoxygenated

blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and
simultaneously oxygenated blood to the
systemic circulation for essential cellular
function and waste removal. The heart weighs
around 300g and is positioned in the thoracic
cavity in the mediastinum, resting between the
right and left lungs.

The Heart Has Three Main Layers:

The Pericardium
The Myocardium
The Endocardium

The
Pericardium

composed of two sacs surrounding the heart. The outer layer

consists of strong fibrous inelastic tissue preventing overdistension. The outer layer is called the parietal pericardium and
the inner layer the visceral pericardium/ epicardium which runs
continuously with the parietal layer. These membranes are
separated by a potential space in a similar fashion to the pleural
space.

The
Myocardium

Cardiac muscle resembles skeletal muscle although each cell

has a nucleus and one or more branches. Cardiac muscle
appears as a sheet of muscle rather than a large number of
individual cells; this is important to its function, as when an
electrical impulse initiates muscle contraction, the entire muscle
sheet contracts simultaneously causing a huge force of
contraction that can be increased or decreased depending on the
bodys needs.

The
Endocardium
The inner layer of the myocardium, this layer is thin and
covered with epithelial tissue in a similar way to the
transport vessels, thereby preventing the adhesion of blood;
this is essential otherwise the heart would be continuously
firing off clotted blood into the circulation.

CIRCULATION

Each atrium is separated from the ventricles by an atrioventricular

valve (the tricuspid on the right and bicuspid on the left) and
horizontally between thin bands of non-conducting fibrous tissue, only
allowing electrical conduction to follow one pre-designated route
through to the ventricles.
In comparison to the ventricles the atria are small receiving
chambers for blood returning to the heart. The ventricles are large with
a disproportionate amount of muscle on the left due to its increased
workload. The top of the heart sits in the middle of the chest. The apex,
which is mainly composed of the left ventricle, sits around the level of
the left nipple.

THANKS