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Mechanism of Physics

in
Daily
Life
Hot Air

Balloon

Presented By: Qayyum,


Alisa, Haa, Alif
Instructor: Madam Farihah
Group : 8 (Sem 3 2015)

Bismillahirahmannirahim
~

CREATION & INSPIRATION

Early ones were made by Zhuge


Liang.

On 19 September 1783, Joselp-Ralf


and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier
brothers made a hot air balloon in
Annonay, France.

Early 1950s, a more modern hot


air balloon was developed by Ed
Yost with an onboard heat source.

As military signalling.

Materials & Components

ENVELOPE = made of nylon


# COATINGS = usually silicone
# VENTS = common type is parachute
vent
BASKET = made of woven wicker or rattan
BURNER = suspend from envelope or
supported rigidly over basket.
FUEL TANKS = from aluminium, stainless
steel or titanium

TEMPERATURE & DENSITY


High air temperature inside envelope = less
dense than surrounding air.
Lift of require slightly greater temperature,
depending on desired rate of climb.
On warm day, balloon cannot lift as much as
on cool day.
In low atmosphere, lift provided decreases
by 3% for every 1000 m.

How do hot air


balloons continue to
rise??

Ideal Gas Law

P = pRT
TheIdeal Gas Law- orPerfect Gas
Law- relates pressure, temperature, and
volume of anideal or perfect gas. The
Ideal Gas Law can be expressed with
theIndividual Gas Constant:

PV=mRT

(1)

Atmospheric pressure: 101,300 Pa


Gas Constant: 287 J/kg.K
Temperature: 373 K

The equation (1) can be modified to:

Substitution (2):

P=RT

101300 = p (287)(373)
= 0.946 kg/m3

(2)

Because:-

=m/V

Normal (ambient) air density: 1.2 kg/m3.

(3)

Buoyant Force
What is buoyant
force?
Application of buoyant force

Buoyant force determines volume


mass density
In buoyant force, we know the
larger the buoyant force, the more
an object float on the water

Frequently asked
questions

How to know whether hot air balloon is in stable state?

Can the hot air balloon move horizontally?

It can but timing and wind direction plays a role in moving


the hot air balloon horizontally.
Bear in mind that the wind direction difers within altitude.
We must follow the hot air balloon wind direction to raise and
lower the hot air balloon.

How to lower the hot air balloon?


Stop firing the burner so density of air will increase as the hot air balloon to cool. Open a small vent

Balloon operator must constantly:

Open fired

Stop fired the burner

How to maintain in a steady altitude?

Relationship between air pressure,


density and temperature
Density is mass divided by volume.
Air density increases with altitude.
The higher the altitude, the higher
the density
Pressure is cumulative efect of push
exerted by surrounding pressure
Higher increases with altitude
Temperature is the average speed of
moving molecules.
Temperature of mass of air depend
on velocity of air molecule and mass.
Temperature increases when density
decreases

Hot Air Balloon Crashes


Factors of Crashes

Two major factors are human error and the weather.

Minor errors are equipment or tools failure or malfunction or damaged and


many more.

The human error contribute to most of the crash.

Inappropriate in-flight planning , misjudgement of wind speed, and false skill


while handling the flight.

The crash also occur by the weather during windstorm , rainstorm, etc.

Efect of hot air balloon crash

the most common efect is colliding


with power line, collapse from a high
altitude, collision with the ground ,
burn and sometimes explode.

all of these efects will cause death


and injuries to people.

serious injuries like fracture of any


bone, severe of nerve, muscle or
tendon damage, internal organ injury ,
burn afecting most part of the body.

minor injuries like bruises , sprain and


strain.

Alternatives to Avoid Hot Air Balloon Crash


Have proper flight planning.
Compulsory for the pilot and passengers attend to an educational
programs that highlight avoidance of power lines.
Launching and landing sites on a minimum open area of 200 to 200
feet clear from any obstruction , power lines etc.

To have every hot air balloon a fire extinguisher suitable for


extinguish propane fires.
Proper maintenance for the balloon.
Regular checking for the burner and fuel system.
Replace any damaged equipments

It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said: The Messenger of Allah used to say:


[Oh Allah, benefit me by that which you have taught me, and teach me that which will benefit
me]
(Sunan Ibn e Majah, Book of Sunnah, Hadith no. 251, Classified as Sahih By Allama
Albani)

Thank you

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