AW101

(OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH 1)
BY
PN. RUHIYAH NAZIHAH ZAHKAI
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
POLYTECHNIC SULTAN IDRIS SHAH

INCIDENT
PREVENTION

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Objectives
5.1 Understand the concept of incident
5.1.1 Define incident
5.1.2 Define accident
5.2 Understand causes of incident
5.2.1 List the types of incident
5.2.2 Explain unsafe acts
5.2.3 Classify unsafe conditions
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5.3 Know incident prevention techniques

5.3.1 Identify the hazards
5.3.2 Discuss risk assessing
5.3.3 Discuss risk controlling

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Incident ?

Definition
Incident is unexpected or unplanned events in a
sequence of events that occurs through a
combination of causes which result in physical
harm, damage to property, near miss or
combination of these effect.

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Individual

unexpect
ed
unplanne
d

Occurs
through a
combination
of causes

Physical
harm,
(injury, ill
health or
disease)

Property

Near-miss

Loss and
Combination

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Accident ?
Definition

Accident is an unexpected or unplanned

events or occurrences which results in
injuries, fatalities, loss of production or
damage to property

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INCIDENTS
ACCIDENTS

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To Understand
CAUSES OF INCIDENT

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5 Major Elements on Cause of

Accident
PEOPLE
- Careless, incompetent, drunk, sleeping, negligent
MACHINE
- Poor maintenance, non genuine parts, damage part
WORKPLACE
-Uneven ground, ground collapse, soft ground
MATERIAL @ HANDLING
-Overloading, oversize, too long, loosely packed
ENVIRONMENT
- Heat, Visibility, Noise, Duct, Haze

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Types of Incident

Dealth
Injury

(Minor @ major)
Property Damage
Occupational Illness @ Disease
Near-miss
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Occupational Act
Crawling

(merangkak)
Crouching (Membongkok)
Climbing (Memanjat)
Lifting (Mengangkat)
Pushing-Pulling (Menolak-Menarik)
Reaching (Mencapai)
Inhaling (Menghidu)
Others
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Unsafe Act
Performance of a task or other activity that is
conducted in a manner that may threaten the
health and/or safety of workers. Examples are :
Operating without qualification or authorization.
Operating equipment at unsafe .
Failure to warn.
Using defective equipment
Working in hazardous locations without adequate
protection or warning.
Wearing unsafe clothing.
Taking an unsafe position.
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Unsafe Act
Not using PPE just because self-conformtable
Not adhere to safety procedure
Careless
Others

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Unsafe Conditions
A condition in the work place that is likely to
cause property damage or injury. Examples
are :
Defective tools, equipment, or supplies.
Fire and explosion hazards.
Inadequate supports or guards.
Poor housekeeping.
Hazardous atmospheric condition.
Excessive noise.
Poor ventilation.
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Unsafe Conditions
Machine

without safety protection

No proper design tools
No ao insufficient maintenance
Lack of safe working procedure
Insufficient training
Poor work place arrangement

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Know techniques of
INCIDENT PREVENTION

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Dont let this happen

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Hazard ?
Hazard

A source or a situation with a potential for

harm to humans, property and damage of
environment or a combination of these.
Danger
Relative exposure to hazard.
Risk
A combination of likelihood of occurrence and
severity of injury or damage.

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Classification & Potential

Sources of Hazards

Classification
Example of Hazards
Mechanical - Sharp points & edges, overload.
Electrical
- Insulation damaged or cover broken
Biological - Exposed, airborne/blood borne
microorganism.
Chemical
- Expose to carcinogens chemical
Ergonomics - Expose to unnatural postures
Psychological- Stress or violent at workplace.
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Risk Assessment
Is

the process of evaluating the risk to

safety & health from hazards at work

Types
- Audit
- Inspection
- Investigation

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 Audit

Done on organization, periodically,

management tools
Inspection Done on tools / machine, short
term, identify sub-standard
Investigation Done on situation, problem
happen, to know root cause of accident

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Risk Assessment
In

cases where hazards are numerous and

complex
eg; Chemical process plant
Should have Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
- describe job in less than 10 steps
- List things that can go wrong
-

eg; Changing a Car Wheel

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Risk Control
Corrective

Action
Review current safety measure
Improvement plan
Implementation

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Actions &
Recommendations
EL SL IS EC AC

PPE-

Eliminate
Substitute
Isolation
Engineering Control
Administration Control
Personal Protection Equipment

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Actions &
Recommendations

Eg;
EL - stop work, cover hazard
SL - use other route, other material..
IS - put up temporary barrier,
EC - construct permanent wall,..
AC - put up notice, job rotation,
PPE - gloves, respirator,

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Summary
Incident

in the workplace is largely caused by

lack of management control
If you think safety is expensive, try
accidents
Control OSHA risk
Put a management system in place
Promote OSHA

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