Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION
Engineering Graphics is the field of graphical
problem solving and includes two areas of
specialization:
working
drawings
and
descriptive geometry. Other areas that can be
used for a wide variety of applications are
nomography, graphical mathematics, empirical
equations, technical illustration, vector analysis,
data analysis, and computer graphics.
Graphics is one of the designers primary
methods of thinking, solving problems, and
communicating ideas.

Father of Descriptive Geometry

Gaspard Monge (1746-1818)

Graphic language
Engineering drawing is a graphic language, a universal
language, a language of use and ever-increasing value. Like
every other systematized language it has its rules of
grammar. To express ourselves in a literate fashion, then,
we must master, as it were, laws of syntax and of concord.
With a very little application we shall master the rules
of the universal graphic language, and so be able to not only
to express ourselves in it on drawing paper, but also to
understand the expression of it by another. In a word, we
set out to learn to draw so that our ideas may readily be
interpreted by others; and to read drawings so as to gather
a clear mental picture of what another wishes to convey to
us.

Almost everything around us has been created by, or is

influenced by, engineers:
Buildings,

vehicles,

roads,

railways,

food

growing

and

processing, books, medical care, recreation, etc.

All of these have either been conceived and created from
scratch or have evolved from existing ideas. Either way, an
engineering design process will have been followed, in one
form or another.

Need of Engineering Graphics

Without a good knowledge of engineering graphics,
engineers and scientists are no where. An engineer or a
scientist needs skill in three areas: first, he must be able
to imagine secondly, he must be able to draw clearly and
rapidly, thirdly, he must be able to read the drawings
drawn
by
others.
By studying engineering graphics, student becomes
aware
of
how
industry
communicates
technical
information. Engineering graphics teaches the principles of
accuracy and clarity in presenting the information
necessary to produce products. Finally it develops the
imagination skill that is essential to the creation of
successful design.

COMPUTER-AIDED DRAFTING (CAD) and COMPUTER-AIDED

DESIGN AND DRAFTING (CADD):
Using computer techniques with the aid of graphic data
processing systems to graphically express or solve technical
equations is called CAD or CADD.
ENGINEERING DRAWINGS and ENGINEERING DRAFTING:
Drawings used in technical work or industrial production are
referred to as engineering drawings. The terms working
drawings and machine drawings are also used in reference
to engineering drawings.
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS or ENGINEERING DESIGN
GRAPHICS:
Engineering graphics or engineering design graphics refers to
the design and specifications for physical objects and data
relationships as in engineering and science..

How Would You Describe This?

In teams of two, describe using only
words
How effective is this approach?

AU 2005

Three Basic Types of Technical

Drawings

Freehand sketches

Instrument drawings

Computer drawings and models

9

AU 2005

Introduction to Projections
Present 3-D objects with 2-D media
Two Basic Categories
Orthographic

10

Pictorial

AU 2005

Course Objectives
1.

To learn the AutoCAD tool

2.

To learn the theory of projections

3. To learn the descriptive geometry

4. To learn a 3-D imaginational skill

Course Coverage

AutoCAD

Theory of
Projections

Descriptive
Geometry

Engineering Graphics

Course
Conduct

Online Teaching through AutoCAD

4 Lectures per Week

Tutorial Class Conduct on Grid Sheet

1 Tutorial Hour per Week

Online Assignment

4 Practicals, each of 2 hours (8 Hours per Week)

Online Examination & Evaluation

Evaluation Components & Evaluation

1)Assignments

120 Marks

2)Mid-Test

60 Marks

3)Compre. Exam. 120 Marks

Total

300 Marks

Assignments Evaluation
Total 25 Assignments
First 5 Assignments on AutoCAD Commands
Total 20 Assignments on course
20 Assignments X 20 Marks Each = 400 Marks
400 Marks X 0.3 = 120 Marks