Trigonometry

Submitted by :-

Arjit Saraswat

Hipparcus 190 BC to 120 BC born in Nicaea (now

Turkey) was a Greek astronomer who is considered to
be one of the first to use trigonometry.

Aryabhatta
Indian
Mathematician

Parts of a Right Triangle

B

Perpendicular

Hyp
o

ten
use

A
Base

Imagine that you, the happy

face, are standing at angle A
facing into the triangle.

Now, imagine that you move

from angle A to angle B still
facing into the triangle.

You would be facing the

perpendicular side

You would be facing the

perpendicular side

and standing next to the

and standing next to the
base.
base.
The hypotenuse is neither opposite
nor adjacent.

Review

Pythagorus
Samian
Mathematician

B
Perpendicular
Perpendicula
r

For Angle A

Hyp
ot e
e
nus

This is the
Perpendicular
This is the Base

Base

For Angle B
Hyp
ote
e
nu

This is the
Perpendicular
This is the Base

Ramanujam
Indian
Mathematician

Trig Ratios
B

Using
Use Angle
Angle AB to
to name
name the
the sides
Perpendicular
sides

We can use the lengths of the sides

of a right triangle to form ratios.
There are 6 different ratios that
we can make.

Hypotenus
e
Base

The ratios are still the same as

before!!

P ( Perpendicular )
H ( Hypotenuse)

H ( Hypotenuse)
P ( Perpendicular )

B( Base)
H ( Hypotenuse)

H ( Hypotenuse)
B( Base)

P ( Perpendicular )
B ( Base)

B ( Base)
P ( Perpendicular )

Euclid
Greek
Mathematician

Trig Ratios

Each of the 6 ratios has a name

Perpendicul
The names also refer to an angle
ar

Sine of Angle A
=
Cosine of Angle
A =
Tangent of Angle
A=

P
H
B
H

P
B

Hypotenuse
Base

Cosecant of Angle A
=
Secant of Angle A
=
Cotangent of
Angle A =

H
P

H
B

B
P

Freitag
German
Mathematician

Trig Ratios
B

If the angle changes from A

Perpendicul
to B
ar
The way the ratios are made is
the same

Sine of Angle
B
=
Cosine of Angle
B
=
Tangent of Angle
B
=

P
H
B
H

P
B

Hypotenuse
Base

Cosecant of Angle
B
=

H
B

B
Secant of Angle
=
Cotangent of
Angle =

H
P

B
P

John Dee
English
Mathematician

Trig Ratios

Each of these ratios has an

abbreviation
Sine, Cosine and Tangent
ratios are the most common.

Sine of Angle
Sin A
A=
=
Cos
A
Cosine of
Angle
=
A=
Tangent Tan
of Angle
A
A=
=

P
H
B
H

P
B

Hypotenuse
Perpendicul
ar

Base

Cosecant of
Cosec
Angle A =A=
Secant ofSec
Angle
A
A=
=
Cotangent of
Cot A
Angle A = =

H
P

H
B

B
P

Quetelet
Flemish
Mathematician

SPHCBHTPB
B

Here is a way to remember

how to make the 3 basic Trig
Ratios

Hypotenuse
Perpendicula
r

Base

1) Identify the Perpendicular side and

Base for the appropriate angle

2) Remember SPHCBHTPB and it means :-

Some People Have Curly Beautiful Hair To

Preserve Beauty

Use the underlined letters to make

the word SPH-CBH-TPB

Lame
French Mathematician

Example
B

First we will find the Sine, Cosine and

Tangent ratios for Angle A.

10

6
Next we will find the Sine, Cosine, andPerpendicul
ar
Tangent ratios for Angle B

8 Base

Remember SPH-CBH-TPB

P
6 3

Sin A
H 10 5
=

B
8 4
Cos A

H 10 5
=
P 6 3

Tan A
B 8 4
=

H
8 4

Cosec B
P 10 5
=

Sec B
=

H
6 3

B 10 5
B

Cot B
P 6 3
=

Alberti
Italian Mathematician

Trigonometric ratios

Created By :Trigonome
try

Arjit Saraswat
Class
: XB

School : GMSSS-35,Ch
Trigonometr
y
2010 Saraswat Bros.