Newtons Laws
Forces
Springs
Tension
Dynamics
Apparent Weight
Forces
4 Fundamental Forces
Gravity
Electromagnetic
Strong Nuclear
Weak Nuclear
Gravity
m1m2
F G 2
r
Contact Forces
equation for the normal force its magnitude depends on the situation.
The frictional force is always parallel to the surface (opposing motion).
The frictional force depends on the coefficient of friction between the
object and surface.
Kinetic friction (object sliding on a surface): Ff = k*FN
Static friction (no sliding): there is no definite equation for static friction, but
its maximum value is given by: Ff s*FN
FN
Ff
Fp
y
x
Fg
Summary
Forces:
Non-Contact: Gravity
Contact: Friction and Normal
FN
Ff
Fp
y
x
Fg
FN
F = ma
Ff
F = 0
Fp
y
x
Fg
F = 0
Ff
We know there are two forces in the x-direction (the push and friction).
Fp F f = 0
Fp
y
x
Fg
Fp Ff = 0
The force of the push is given as 345 N.
Ff
Fp
(345 N) Ff = 0
y
Ff = 345 N
Fg
Ff
(345 N) = k*(1176 N)
k = 0.29
Fp
y
x
Fg
FBD:
Fs
y
x
Fg
Fs- Fg = 0
Fs = Fg
kx=mg
FT
y
x
Fg
FT - Fg = 0
FT = Fg
FT = m g
Summary
y
x
Ff
Fg
FT
y
FN
FTcos
Ff
Fg
FTsin
FTcos - Ff = 0
FN
FTcos
Ff
F = ma
y-direction:
F = ma
Fg
FTsin
FN - FTsin - Fg = 0
x-direction
y-direction
combine
FTcos - Ff = 0
FN - FTsin - Fg = 0
FTcos = FN
FN = FTsin + mg
FT = mg / (cos - sin)
FT = mg / (cos - sin)
FT = 798 N
Dynamics: F = ma
We have
But
Dynamics Example
A tractor is pulling a trailer with a constant acceleration. If
the forward acceleration is 1.5 m/s2, Calculate the force on
the trailer (m = 400 kg) due to the tractor. (Consider just the
trailer.)
FBD:
x-direction:
FN
FT = ma
FT
Fg
y
F = ma
FT = 600 N
y-direction:
F = ma
FN - Fg = 0
FN = 3920 N
FT = 600 N
Apparent Weight
Recall: F = m a
Consider person accelerating in an elevator.
FN
Draw FBD
Apply F = m a
FN mg = ma
FN = m ( g + a )
Fg
First, note that your mass is (600 N)/(9.8 m/s 2) = 61.2 kg.
Second, use: FN = m ( g + a ).
Summary of Concepts
F = m a
Draw Free Body Diagram
Write down equations
Solve
Apparent Weight
If object is accelerating in vertical direction