Reactor Control system &

Reactor safety

Name : Magar amol

SAP ID
:500015837
Roll no : R670211010
Course : M.Tech. PDE

Outline:
Introduction.
P&ID
General symbols used in P&ID.

Reactor control system.

Safety control system for reactor.
Rupture disc.
Pressure relief valve.

 P&ID
Piping & Instrument Diagram

Basic Engineering document

Indicating
-Process Requirement
Equipment in the Plant
-Piping and Piping
Component
-Instrument and Logic
Relations

Symbols:
Instrument line

Valves:

Process Symbols

Some Notations :

Reactor Control System:

Here we focus on control of
Temperature.
Pressure .

Temperature Control
i. No circulation of
jacket medium
A simple temperature
control scheme.
The reaction temp. is
sensed and the flow of
heat transfer medium
to the reactor jacket is
manipulated.
Disadvantages :
Because of
nonlinearity of
reactor temp.
coolant temp is not
uniform

fig: No circulation of jacket

medium

ii. With circulation of jacket

medium:
Constant and high
rate of jacket medium
circulation
Eliminating hot and
cold spots.
Jacket wall
temperature constant
throughout the
reactor.

Pressure control :
i) Reactor pressure controlled by Gas make-up

 In gas phase reaction, reaction rate is function of

pressure. (mainly in Oxidation, hydrogenation and high
pressure polymerization.)
In batch reaction if gas is completely absorbed then this
control system is apply.
Concentration of gas in reactant is related to partial
pressure of process gas in vapor space.
Hence pressure control results in the control of reaction
rate.
This loop is fast & easily controllable.

ii) Reactor can controlled by Vent throttling

 Certain reactions not only absorbed the gas feed but

also generate by-products.
Then this control system is apply.
Here, process gas feed to the reactor is flow control &
reactor pressure is manipulated throttling a gas vent line.
It also shows condenser, which minimize the loss of
reactor products through vent.

Reactor Safety:

A reactor control system should provide the following features:

The ability to maximize production
The ability to minimize shutdown.
The ability to minimize variations in utility and raw material demand.
The ability to provide smooth operation in terms of constant
conversion, yield and product distribution.
Easy start-up and shutdown.
However, primary design objective is that the reactor must be
safe for both the operating, personal & the environment.

Some of the potential causes of emergencies and

the methods used to sense them are listed below:

If the cause of an emergency goes undetected,

eventually it will affect the operating conditions of the
reactor. These symptoms might involve temperature,
pressure, composition, or other conditions below:

Pressure safety devices

1. Rupture disc.
-A rupture disc, also known as a bursting disc or burst
diaphragm, is a non-reclosing pressure relief device that,
in most uses, protects a pressure vessel, equipment or
system from over pressurization.
- It has high design pressure than the design pressure of
the reactor.

Fig: Rupture disc

2. Pressure relief valve:

The Pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of valve used
to control or limit the pressure in a system or vessel
which can build up by a process upset, instrument or
equipment failure, or fire.
In high-pressure gas systems, it is recommended that
the outlet of the relief valve is in the open air. In systems
where the outlet is connected to piping, the opening of a
relief valve will give a pressure build up in the piping
system downstream of the relief valve.

Fig: Pressure relief valve

 Pressure relief valve and rupture disc

use individually or combination of
both.
In case of combination rupture disc has
slight greater pressure capacity than
reactor design pressure and less than
pressure relief valve.

Th ank You
Questions ???????