• Overview:

• Qualitative Analysis under Fire

• Main types of qual. analysis
• Software
• Examples of analysis
• Recent developments
• Conclusion
• Denzin: Qualitative analysis under
fire
• Bush lying about Saddam
Hussein weapons of mass
destruction
• Lies about climate change: warming
up is fake
• US doesn’t sign Kyoto protocol
• In our own country:
• ICCP lies over melting Himalaya gletschers in
2035
• Holland 25 or 54% under water
• Minister Kramer demands a clarification
• NRC full of articles from Karel Snip, van Dieren,
• Tv: prof Icke on science between opinion and
facts

• Reaction In England and the United

States no funding if not SBR- scientific
based research.
• National Research Council is against
qualitative research.
 Recent dissertation in
Anthropology: is it possible to make
generalizations on 35 respondents
with missing data?

Member of the PHD committee:

I don’t know but the promotor thinks
so.
It is her opinion. I don ‘t object.

Icke: we are ruled by opinions not by

facts!
But we have criteria:
Criteria for qualitative analysis

• Credibility (internal validity)

• Transferability (external validity)
• Dependability (reliability)
• Confirmability (objectivity)
• www.ncddr.org/kt/products/focus/focus9/
1.Content analysis : Krippendorf
2. IPA= Interpretative
phenomenological analysis
• No phenomenology in strict sense: no
eidetic reduction
• More experience oriented
(“belevingspsychologie”);
• description of what people emotional
experience, what they think.
• 3. Grounded Theory
• Glaser en Strauss: analytic induction; direct
relation with case selection
• Strauss & Corbin: stepwise approach

• 4. Discourse analysis (Foucault)

• How is language used to frame discussion?
• What is the power structure?
• 5. Narrative analysis
• V.Propp :31 elements in narratives
• Gergen narrative thread in plots
• Disease history; life history
• Kwalitan (Dutch program, Nijmegen)
• Atlas-ti (in Leiden)
• Nudist & Nvivo
• Maxqda
• QDA Miner
• T-lab
• Qualrus : neurological network learning

• SPSS and SAS : text mining

I. Atlas: HIV-AIDS literature exploration (meta-
evaluation)
II. QDA Miner: Beta-test with Wordstat 6

• Interruption graph: discussion in Second

Chamber (M.Marx)
• Atlas with searchstring : good-bad
• QDA Miner: Heatmaps in aircraft accident study
• Combination: Emphasis not only on
quantitative or only qualitative
approaches but on Mixed Methods
• Technological development : PDA, cell-
phones, laptops; camera’s; devices with
more data in photo’s; pictures; sound
(mp3),etc.
• Student comes with 1.4 gig of internet data in
moslima study
• Data-mining
• Association rules
• Neurological networks
• combination of qualitative and quantitative
data
Milk is good ! Milk is a must
Qualitative analysis is a must

May be qualitative analysis deserves

to get a place in the Leiden Graduate
School for Methodology?
• The end
• 1950-1970 research mainly quantitative
but also focus on weaker data;
nonmetric data
• Simon;Blalock with path-analysis
• Coombs with data theory
• MDS Roskam-Lingoes with minissa
• Leiden: de Geer, de Leeuw, Heiser, Meulman
with Princals and Homals
• Qual.analysis is usually Content Analysis
General Inquirer of Philip Stone;
Handbook of Content analysis Holsti
• in antropology:
• study distant countries during war: Benedict
and Margaret Mead on Japan;
• Minangkabau study through novels
• Mclelland on Achievement motivation
• in antropology
• vision of participants
• Sapir-Whorf language determines thinking
• cognitive anthropology models of disease
classification (D'Andrade & Romney)
• Ethnomethodology: Garfinkel
• Clifford Geertz Anthropologist as text
writer (thick description)
• postmodernisme :Marcus c.s. role rhetoric
devices in constructing reality
• Minority studies ; what is life for a Black,
a slave,or a woman?
• Grounded Theory
• parsing of text
• vocabulary/ dictionaries
• text preparation with GREP routines
• coding
• Inductive
• Autocoding
• deductive via coding schemes/classifiers
• network view/graphs
• export to SPSS
• Multivariate analyses
1.Foundational
based Cochrane & Campbell Collaborations: research is
research quantitative or qualitative; confirm to shared
criteria like internal&external validity, credibility,etc.
2.Quasi-foundational
qualitative has unique set of criteria to be developed like
reflexity; theoretical grounding;iconic; paralogica;
rhizomatic and voluptuous validity (Eisner 1993, Lather
1997; Lincoln and Guba,1985)

3. Non-foundational
emphasis on understanding versus prediction Inquiry
within morale frame; implementing an ethic