Bolo Meters

Detector and Optical Physics Group
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Cavendish Laboratory
Transition Edge Sensor

Bolometers
D. J. Goldie,
M. D. Audley, D. M. Glowacka, V. N. Tsaneva, S. Withington.
Detector Physics Group

at the
DPG activities
DPG capabilities
Optical modelling
Electromagnetics
Thermal behaviour
Device modelling
Fabrication (Transition Edge Sensors (TESs), Kinetic
Inductance Detectors, SIS tunnel junctions, SQUIDs..
Characterization
Detector packaging
This talk
TESs for CMB polarization experiments

at the
TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009
ClOVER TEAM
Cambridge M. D. Audley, B. Barker, M. Brown, M. Crane, D. Glowacka,

D. Goldie, K. Grainge, A. Lasenby, H. Stevenson, D. Titterington, V. Tsaneva,
S. Withington
Cardiff P.A.R Ade, P. G. Calisse, W. Gear, w. Grainger, P. Hargrave, J,

House, K. Isaac,, B. Kiernan, P. Mauskopf, S. Parsley, G. Savini, R. V.
Sudiwala, C. Tucker, R. Tucker, I. Walker, M. Whitehead, J. Zhang
Manchester L. Piccirillo, P. Diamond, A. Galtress, V. Haynes, P. Leahy,

S. Lewis, B. Maffei, L. Martinis, S. Melhuish, G. Pisano, R. Watson ,
Oxford M. Brock, P. Cabella, P. Ferreira, P. Grimes, B. Johnson, M.
Jones, W. Lau, J. Leech, D. ODea, C. North, D. Sutton, A. Taylor, G. Yassin
NIST- K. D. Irwin
UBC- M. Halpern
at the
Key Features of CLOVER

Two telescopes measuring polarization of CMB:
LF: 97 GHz
HF: combined 150 and 220 GHz focal plane
Detectors: Bolometers with superconducting transition edge sensors (TES)

Sensitivity:
limited by unavoidable photon noise (2.2x10 -17 W/Hz)
Operating Temperature:
100 mK (active control of bath temperature)
Focal Plane: hexagonal array of horns, two polarizations per horn

LF: 96 horns => 192 finline-coupled detectors at 97 GHz
HF: 192 horns => 192 4-probe OMTs in mixed 150/220 GHz focal plane
Readout: Time-division SQUID multiplexer (NIST, UBC)

at the
Why Microstrip-coupled TESs?

CLOVER needs high-performance polarimetry
Flexibility: RF absorption is separated from the bolometer
TES design can be optimised separately and doesnt have to change
if the array architecture changes
Calibration
Can include planar band-pass filters, phase shifters, modulators etc.

=> simple detector becomes multi-function integrated circuit
at the
ClOVER TES Detector Designs

Finline-coupled detector, uses a
rectangular-waveguide to finline to
superconducting microstrip transition.
Polarization-sensitive detector, which

uses probes suspended on a SiNx
membrane in a circular waveguide.
Waveguide
probes
Low frequency
Mid- and high

frequency
Grounding ring
at the
TESs for ClOVER
Mo-Cu TESs
500 nm SiNx support and
thermal isolation
Tc 200 mK
Tbath 100mK

at the
ClOVER Science-Grade Detectors

30 chips per
wafer
Tc: 190 mK
Power handling: 11 pW
at the
Slotline coupled to microstrip
Detail of the slotline-microstrip transition

Single metalization layer for critical
dimensions
Oxford design

at the
Response of LF Detector to BB Illumination
Blackbody Illuminator
Two low-pass filters define band
Conical radiator
Heat sunk to 1K stage

at the
Linearity at Fixed Bias

at the
Excess noise reduction
3G/4
G/4
Johnson
G2
Current noise mainly from Johnson and thermal

sources alone.
Little excess noise.
Dark NEP at 200 mK:

1.75x10-17 W/Hz
with G= 172 pW/K

at the
Effect of Dielectric Loading by Substrate
100% and
89%
efficiency
100 m
225 m

at the
Focal-Plane Module for ClOVER

at the
LF Detector Module with OMTs
Could already populate an 8*8 array

at the
ClOVER HF CHANNEL
150 and 220 GHz channels use probes

suspended on SiNx membrane across circular
waveguide
Cardiff rf design
Power from opposite probes combined onto a
single TES

at the
Four-probe OMT for HF instrument
Fully processed wafer with 150 GHz devices


at the
Four-probe OMT for HF instrument

at the
Power Multiplexing
Nb3
Ins3
Nb1
Ins1
Nb2

at the
Response of Four-Probe OMT to Illuminator

at the
Materials Characterization I
Johnson noise thermometry

Thermal conductance studies
Crucial for next generation low
background TESs
K. Rostem et al. J Low Temp Phys (2008)
151: 7681
at the
Materials Characterization II
Heat capacity measurements

Major implications for TES dark noise
D. J. Goldie et al. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 074512 2009

at the
Materials Characterization III
Lab on a chip 1st generation

Wideband measurements of microstrip
losses
K. Rostem et al. J. Appl. Phys. 105,
084509 2009

at the
Materials Characterization IV
Lab on a chip 2
Thermal conductance
How to make low G close-packed
arrays?
Low G TESs for low power applications

at the
Optical Modelling
Bolometer reception patterns
Reduced pixel size
C. N. Thomas, S. Withington

at the
Summary ClOVER TESs

Highly developed process route for microstrip coupled TESs
High optical detection efficiency for both finline and probe-coupled designs
Satisfy ClOVER requirements for dark NEP, power handling and response
time
Packaging-shielding complete
Integrated with time division MUX

at the
The FUTURE
Recently kicked-off ESA TRP Cardiff/SRON/Maynooth/RAL

Next generation TESs for space missions
Far-IR TES detectors
Ultra-low noise CMB B-mode detectors
ClOVER a significant legacy
a significant opportunity

at the

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Detector and Optical Physics Group

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Transition Edge Sensor

Detector Physics Group

Detector Physics Group

Cambridge M. D. Audley, B. Barker, M. Brown, M. Crane, D. Glowacka,

Cardiff P.A.R Ade, P. G. Calisse, W. Gear, w. Grainger, P. Hargrave, J,

Manchester L. Piccirillo, P. Diamond, A. Galtress, V. Haynes, P. Leahy,

Key Features of CLOVER

Detectors: Bolometers with superconducting transition edge sensors (TES)

limited by unavoidable photon noise (2.2x10 -17 W/Hz)

100 mK (active control of bath temperature)

Focal Plane: hexagonal array of horns, two polarizations per horn

Readout: Time-division SQUID multiplexer (NIST, UBC)

Why Microstrip-coupled TESs?

Can include planar band-pass filters, phase shifters, modulators etc.

ClOVER TES Detector Designs

Polarization-sensitive detector, which

TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009

Mid- and high

TESs for ClOVER

Detector Physics Group

ClOVER Science-Grade Detectors

Slotline coupled to microstrip

Detail of the slotline-microstrip transition

Detector Physics Group

Response of LF Detector to BB Illumination

Detector Physics Group

Linearity at Fixed Bias

Detector Physics Group

Excess noise reduction

Current noise mainly from Johnson and thermal

Dark NEP at 200 mK:

TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009

Detector Physics Group

Effect of Dielectric Loading by Substrate

Detector Physics Group

Focal-Plane Module for ClOVER

Detector Physics Group

LF Detector Module with OMTs

Could already populate an 8*8 array

150 and 220 GHz channels use probes

Detector Physics Group

Four-probe OMT for HF instrument

Fully processed wafer with 150 GHz devices

Detector Physics Group

Four-probe OMT for HF instrument

Detector Physics Group

Detector Physics Group

Response of Four-Probe OMT to Illuminator

Detector Physics Group

Johnson noise thermometry

Heat capacity measurements

Detector Physics Group

Materials Characterization III

Lab on a chip 1st generation

TES Bolometers: CMB Workshop Cambridge July 2009

Detector Physics Group

Detector Physics Group

Bolometer reception patterns

Reduced pixel size

Detector Physics Group

Summary ClOVER TESs

Detector Physics Group