PGRADING OF

UPGRADING
OFTRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION

COMBINING
COMBININGAC-DC
AC-DC

SSION
ISSION

BHARADVA,
. BHARADVA,S .S SENTA,
. SENTA,N .N GHINAIYA
. GHINAIYA
GUIDE
: PRO.
GUIDE
: PRO.

PROJECT THEME
Introduction
II. Background survey
III. Theoretical proof of ac-dc combine transmission
IV. Matlab simulation of ac-dc combine transmission
V. Response of ehv ac transmission
VI. Response of ac-dc combine transmission
VII. Case of study
VIII. Economical proof of ac-dc combine transmission
IX. Advantages & Limitation of ac-dc combine transmission
X. Conclusion
I.

1. INTRODUCTION

1). EHV AC Transmission

2). HVDC Transmission
3). AC-DC Combine Transmission
a). AC-DC 3-phase Single Line Transmission
b). AC-DC 3-phase Double Line Transmission

CONDITION OF TRANSMISSION
[1] VMAX = Vph = Vd + Va
[2]VLL MAX

= Va

[3] Vd= Vph/

[4] Va = Vph/ 2

2.
MATLAB SIMULATION

3.
CASE OF STUDY

AC Line: Twin Moose ACSR Bundled Conductor, 400kV, 50Hz, 320km

Line Parameters:
Resistance per unit length: 0.01273 /km
Inductance per unit length: 0.9337 mH/km
Capacitance per unit length: 12.74 nF/km

PURE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM:

Sending End Voltage (VS)

=400 kV

Receiving End Voltage (VR)

= 392.6 kV

Sending End Power (PS)

= 881 MW

Receiving End Power (PR)

= 750 MW

Sending End Current (IS) =

=952.5 A

Receiving End Current (IR)

= 1004 A

X (Total Reactance per phase per circuit)

=0.933710-3320314 = 93.82

(power angle)

=31.76

total power transmitted

= 3881 MW = 2643 MW

Total Power received

= 3750 MW = 2250 MW

Total Transmission Loss

= 2643 MW 2250 MW = 393 MW

SIMULTANEOUS AC-DC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM:

Sending End AC Voltage (VS)

= 400 kv

Receiving End AC Voltage (VR)

= 392.6 kV

AC Current (Iac)

= 2.341 kA

Sending End AC Power (PS)

= 1600 MW

Receiving End AC Power (PR)

= 1100 MW

Total Reactance per phase per circuit (X)

= 93.82

Rectifier Voltage (Vdr)

= 440 kV

Inverter Voltage (Vdi)

= 300 kV

DC Link Current (Id)

= 1.74 kA

Sending End DC Power

= 765.6 MW

Receiving End DC Power

= 522 MW
= 70

Total Power Transmitted

= 21600 + 765.6 = 3965.6 MW

Total Power Received

= 2722 MW

Transmission Loss

= 3965.6 MW 2722 MW= 1243.6MW

Now, dc voltage across one winding

= 440/2 = 220 kV.

Induced voltage across secondary winding of transformer

= 200 kV

Vdo

= 220 kV

So, power factor of the rectifier (cosr)

= 220/271 = 0.812

Similarly for inverter

Vdoi = 271 kV
Vdo = 150 kV

Power factor of the inverter (cosi)

= 150/271 = 0.5535

So, reactive power drawn by the rectifier = 765.6 tanr = 550.3 MVAR
Reactive power drawn by the inverter = 522 tani = 785.45 MVAR

Power Up gradation =

Power transformer in composite AC DC transmissions - power transmitted in pure

transmission

power transmitted in pure transmission

= [ 2722 2250 / 2250 ] 100

= 21 %

4.
ECONOMY

ECONOMY OF THE SYSTEM

[1] ECONOMY OF SYSTEM BASED ON COMPARISON
[2] ECONOMY OF SYSTEM BASED ON STRUCTURE

FOR DOUBLE CIRCUIT EHV LINE

Base cost of 500 KV double circuit transmission line

Rs. 1,78,020,000

Line Multiplier :
(1)

Conductor

(2)

Tower Structure:

ACSR (1.0)

ACSS (1.08)

Lattice (1.0)
(3)

TLS

(3.60)

Tabular Steel (1.50)

Transmission Length:
Up to 4.82 Km (1.50)

4.82 Km to 16.093 Km (1.20)

Above 16.093 Km (1.0)

Total transmission line cost = [ (base transmission cost)*(conductor multiplier)*(structure multiplier) *(1.6093)*(no of kilometer) ]
Total transmission line cost

Rs. 5.696641010

SUB-STATION CAPITAL COST

Base cost of Sub-Station (500 KV)
LINE & TRANSFORMER POSITION COST & MULTIPLIER (500 KV)

Rs. 148,320,000

Cost multiplier :
Cost per line / transformer position
Transformer cost (Rs. per MVA)

Breaker & half multiplier (1.50)

230 / 500 KV Transformer Rs. 660,000

Ring bus multiplier (1.0)

Rs. 173,040,000
115 / 500 KV Transformer Rs. 600,000

Transformer cost (Rs. Per MVA)

Rs. 600,000

REACTIVE COMPONENTS COST PER MVAR

Shunt reactor
Series reactor
SVC capital cost

Rs. 1,200,000
Rs. 600,000
Rs. 5,100,000

Total substation cost = [ (sub-station base cost)+(line per transformer position base cost)*(no. of line per transformer
position)*(CRB or BAAH multiplier)+(transformer cost per MVA)*(transformer MVA rating)+(SVC cost per
MVAR)*(require MVARs)+(series capacitor cost per MVAR)*(require MVARs)+(shunt reactor cost per MVAR)*(require
MVARs) ]
Total substation cost

Rs. 839,052,000 x 2 = 1,678,104,000

TOTAL COST

Total cost

Rs. 5.86445041010

HVDC TRANSMISSION LINE

500 KV HVDC bidirectional pole line (per Km)

Rs. 89,040,000

TOTAL COST OF TRANSMISSION LINE

Total cost of transmission line

Rs. 2.84928X1010
SUB-STATION CAPITAL COST

Converter terminal (include DC

switching station equipment)

Rs. 3,850,000,000

Reactive support (synchronous

condensers, SVCs, etc)

Rs. 2,100,000,000

AC switch yard

Rs. 280,000,000
COST OF SUB-STATION

Cost of sub-station

Rs. 6,230,000,000 x 2 =
1.246 x 1010
TOTAL COST

Total cost

Rs. 3.47228 x 1010

COMBINE HVDC-HVAC
SUB-STATION COST
Sub-Station cost

Rs. 6,230,000,000 x 2 = 1.246 x 1010

COST OF ZIG-ZAG TRANSFORMER (125)

Cost of zig-zag transformer per MVA (Rs. Per
MVA)
Cost of 4 zig-zag transformer (Rs. Per MVA)

Rs. 78,000

Total cost of four zig-zag transformer

Rs. 390,000,000

Rs. 78,000 x 4 = 312,000

TOTAL COST
Total cost

Rs. 1.285 x 1010

5.
CONCLUSION

ADVANTAGES OF SYSTEM
(1) The feasibility to convert ac transmission line to a composite acdc line has been demonstrated.
(2) For the particular system studied, there is substantial increase (about 21.45%) in the load ability of the
line.
(3) The line is loaded to its thermal limit with the superimposed dc current.
(4) The dc power flow does not impose any stability problem.
(5) Dc current regulator may modulate ac power flow.
(6) There is no need for any modification in the size of conductors, insulator strings, and towers structure of
the original line.
(7) The optimum values of ac and dc voltage components of the converted composite line are and 1/2
times the ac voltage before conversion, respectively.

LIMITATION
(1) There Is Certain Limit Of Power Upgrading Of Transmission Line, So We Can Not Apply This Basic
Scheme Where New Unit Has More Power Capacity Then Limit Of Power Upgrading Of Transmission Line.
(2) The Combine HVDC-HVAC Transmission Line Is Very Complicated.
(3) There Is Necessity Of Double Circuit Long Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Line In Running Power
Generating Station.
(4) We Cannot Transfer The Power By This Basic Scheme Where Double Circuit EHV Line Not Going From
The Power Generating Station.

APPLICATION

(1) ADDITION OF GENERATION UNIT

(2) SOLAR GENERATION UNIT

CONCLUSION
For the particular system under study, the power up gradation of the line is observed to be twenty one
percent with the simultaneous ac-dc power flow. Maximum power up gradation is obtained at a
transmission angle of 60. The line is loaded to its thermal limit with the superimposed dc current. The dc
power flows independent of the ac power in the transmission line.

REFERENCES
PAPERS:[1] Upgradation Of Power Flow In EHV AC Transmission International Journal Of Scientific Engineering And Technology By
K.K.Vasishta Kumar, K.Sathish Kumar.
[2] Power Upgrading Of Transmission Line By Combining AC-DC Transmission, Swarnandhra College Of Engineering
Technology Narsapur By Jarupula Somlal.
[3] Power System Stability Enhancement By Simultaneous AC-DC Power Transmission International Journal Of Advanced
Research In Electrical, Electronics And Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2013 By Abhishek Chaturvedi, V. K.
Tripathi, T Vijay Muni, Neeraj Singh.

[4] Power Tapping Of Upgrade Transmission Line By Using Composite Ac-dc Power Transmission Lines
International Journal Of Engineering Research And Development By CH.Veeraiah, Y.Rambabu, V.K.R.Mohan Rao.

BOOKS:[1] D P Kothari And I J Nagrath MODERN POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS FNAE Fnasc,
Fellow-ieee Director General, Raisoni Group Of Institutions, Nagpur.
[2] Tim Mason- Project Manager, Trevor Curry And Dan Wilson, CAPITAL COSTS FOR
TRANSMISSION AND SUBSTATION Western

Electricity Coordinating Council.

[3] Roberto Rudervall, J.P. Charpentier And Raghuveer Sharma, HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT
CURRENT (HVDC)TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

Technology Review Paper, Presented At Energy

Week 2000, Washington, D.C, USA, March 7-8, 2000.

THANK YOU